Introduction to types of Security Categories in India UPSC

Welcome to PreCrack! In Recent times, we all have heard of different types of securities or security categories in India such as SPG, Y plus category security, Z or Z plus security category. But many of us are not aware of these different types of securities in india or security categories in India.

What are Security Categories in India? – Security Categories in India UPSC

particularly in terms of security provided to individuals. In India, security categorization is often denoted by the use of letters such as X, Y, Y+, Z, Z+, and SPG (Special Protection Group). These categories determine the level of security cover accorded to specific individuals based on perceived threat perceptions. Here’s a brief overview:

1. X Category Security

• Offers the lowest level of security.
• Generally provided to individuals who face a relatively lower threat perception.

2. Y Category Security

• Provides a higher level of security than X category.
• Usually assigned to individuals who face a moderate level of threat.

3. Y+ Category Security

• An elevated level of security beyond the Y category.
• Provided to those with a higher perceived threat.

4. Z Category Security

• Offers a substantial level of security.
• Typically assigned to individuals facing a significant threat.

5. Z+ Category Security

• The highest level of security provided to individuals.
• Reserved for those facing the most serious and imminent threats.

6. Special Protection Group (SPG)

• SPG is a specialized security force that provides protection to the Prime Minister of India and his/her immediate family.
• SPG security is considered the highest and most comprehensive level of protection.

How Someone Can Get any Category of Security?

In India, individuals can be assigned with security categories based on an threat assessment conducted by the government. These assessments primarily conducts by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) with inputs from intelligence agencies such as IB, NIA, RA&W, DIA and NTRO. This assessment considers various factors, including:

1. Position and role: Individuals holding high offices like the President, Vice President, Prime Minister, and specific cabinet ministers typically receive higher levels of security.
2. Profession: Individuals in professions deemed to be at high risk, such as judges, journalists investigating sensitive topics, or high-profile activists, may be considered for security cover.
3. Perceived threat level: This can be based on past incidents, credible intelligence reports of potential threats, or the individual’s involvement in sensitive situations.

Here’s a breakdown of when someone might receive specific security categories:

1. SPG: This is highest level of security for anyone in India & exclusively provided to the Prime Minister and immediate family due to the unique and irreplaceable nature of their role.
2. Z+ security: This category of security granted to individuals deemed to face extremely high threats, typically including high-profile politicians, religious figures, or individuals with vital roles in national security.
3. Z and lower categories (Y+, Y, X): Assigned based on a graduated scale of threat levels, with lower categories offering security to individuals facing varying degrees of risk.

1. X Category

• Lowest degree of risk.
• Typically for individuals with a relatively lower threat perception.

2. Y Category

• A higher degree of risk than X category.
• Assigned to individuals facing a moderate level of threat.

3. Y+ Category

• An elevated degree of risk beyond the Y category.
• Provided to those with a higher perceived threat.

4. Z Category

• Substantial degree of risk.
• Generally assigned to individuals facing a significant threat.

5. Z+ Category

• The highest degree of risk among the categories.
• Reserved for those facing the most serious and imminent threats.

Types of Security in India – All types of Security in India UPSC

We have added all types of security category in India. You can get to know about them below-

X Category Security in India

In India’s security categorization system, X Category Security falls on the lower end of the spectrum. It signifies a minimal level of threat faced by the individual assigned this security detail.

Here’s a breakdown of the key details about X Category Security:

• Security Personnel: X category security provides a team of 2 security personnel. These are typically armed police officers from local or state police forces.
• Deployment: The two security personnel likely work in shifts, with a total of six officers potentially involved to cover a 24-hour period.
• Threat Level: Individuals assigned X category security are considered to face a low to moderate threat. This might include potential harassment, stalking, or situations where a visible security presence can act as a deterrent.
• Examples: Some examples of individuals who might receive X category security in India could include:
• Lower-level government officials.
• Businessmen or celebrities facing occasional threats.
• Individuals who have received minor threats or require some level of security due to their role.
• Budget:  The Budget of X Category of Security is not declared in public domain.

Y-Category Security in India

Y-category security provides a higher level of protection compared to X category security in India.

Here’s a breakdown of the details:

• Security Personnel: Y category security comprises a team of 8 to 11 personnel. This includes:
  • 1-2 NSG commandos: These are highly trained personnel from the National Security Guard, a specialized counter-terrorism unit.
  • Police personnel from state or central forces: They provide additional security measures.
• Deployment: The specific deployment details are not publicly available, but the personnel likely work in shifts to ensure 24/7 coverage.
• Threat Level: Individuals assigned Y category security are considered to face a moderate threat level. This might include situations like:
  • Credible threats of violence or harm.
  • Past incidents of harassment or attacks.
  • A public profile that attracts potential threats.
• Examples: Some examples of individuals who might receive Y category security include:
  • High-profile journalists investigating sensitive topics.
  • Activists working on controversial issues.
  • Politicians or government officials facing potential threats.
  • Celebrities with a high public profile and potential security concerns.
• Budget for Y Category Security: The budgeting of Y category security may cost up to 12 Lakh Indian Rupee per month.

Y+ Category Security in India

Y+ security falls between Y category and Z security in India’s security categorization system. It signifies a slightly higher level of threat compared to Y category and offers a more robust security detail.

Here’s a breakdown of the key details:

Security Personnel

• Number: Around 11 personnel.

Composition

• 2-4 NSG commandos: Highly trained counter-terrorism specialists from the National Security Guard.
• Police personnel: From state or central forces, providing additional security measures.

Deployment

• Specific details are not publicly available due to security reasons.
• Personnel likely work in shifts to ensure 24/7 protection.

Threat Level

• Individuals under Y+ security face a moderate to high threat level. This might involve:
• Credible threats of violence or harm with a higher degree of potential danger compared to Y category.
• A history of past incidents or attacks.
• A very high public profile that attracts significant security concerns.

Examples

• High-profile politicians or government officials facing serious threats.
• Celebrities with a very high public profile and a history of threats or incidents.
• Individuals deemed to be of significant national importance facing potential security risks.

Additional Considerations

• While not officially confirmed, the monthly cost of Y+ security is estimated to be around ₹15 lac. This information may not be entirely accurate and might not reflect the latest figures.
• The specific deployment details, such as the number of accompanying vehicles or the rotation schedule of personnel, are not publicly disclosed for security reasons.

Z Category Security in India

Z category security is the third highest level of security provided by the Indian government. It offers a significant level of protection to individuals facing a high threat level.

Here’s a detailed breakdown of Z category security:

Security Personnel

• Number: Approximately 22 personnel are involved in Z category security.

Composition

• 4-6 NSG commandos: Highly trained specialists from the National Security Guard, providing expertise in counter-terrorism and close protection.
• Police personnel: From state or central forces, offering additional security measures.

Deployment

• Specific details are not publicly available due to security reasons.
• The personnel likely work in shifts to ensure round-the-clock protection.
• An escort car might be provided for additional security during travel.

Threat Level

• Individuals under Z category security face a high threat level involving:
• Credible and serious threats of violence or harm.
• A history of past attacks or attempts on their life.
• Holding positions or roles that attract significant security concerns.

Examples

• High-profile politicians and government officials facing serious threats.
• Religious figures or spiritual leaders with a large following and potential security concerns.
• Individuals deemed to be of critical national importance facing potential security risks.

Additional Considerations

• While not officially confirmed, the monthly cost of Z category security is estimated to be around ₹16 lac. This information may not be entirely accurate and might not reflect the latest figures.
• Similar to other security categories, specific details like the deployment strategy, number of accompanying vehicles, or communication infrastructure are not publicly disclosed for security reasons

Z+ Category Security in India

Z+ category security represents the highest level of protection offered by the Indian government, following the elite SPG (Special Protection Group) reserved for the Prime Minister. It signifies an extremely high threat level faced by the individual under this security detail.

Here’s a comprehensive breakdown of Z+ category security in India:

Security Personnel

• Number: A substantial team of around 55 personnel is involved in Z+ security.

Composition

• 10+ NSG commandos: Highly trained specialists from the National Security Guard, providing expertise in counter-terrorism, close protection, and advanced combat tactics.
• Police personnel: From state or central forces, offering additional security measures and logistical support.

Deployment

• Specific details are highly classified for security reasons.
• The security detail likely works in shifts to ensure 24/7 protection.

Individuals under Z+ security may receive

• Bulletproof vehicles: For safe transportation.
• Constant monitoring: By security personnel and potentially through surveillance technology.
• Secure residences: With additional security measures implemented.

Threat Level

• Individuals assigned Z+ security face an extremely high threat level. This could involve:
• Credible and imminent threats of violence or assassination attempts.
• A history of past attacks or targeted violence.
• Holding positions or roles that make them critical national figures facing significant security concerns.

Examples

• High-profile politicians like the Home Minister, Defence Minister, or External Affairs Minister.
• Religious figures of immense national importance.
• Individuals deemed to be of vital importance to national security.

Additional Considerations

• While not officially confirmed, the monthly cost of Z+ security is estimated to be significantly higher than other categories, potentially reaching ₹33 lac. This information may not be entirely accurate and might not reflect the latest figures.
• The specific deployment strategy, communication protocols, and resources allocated are considered highly confidential.

SPG Security in India

The Special Protection Group (SPG) is the elite security force in India, tasked solely with protecting the Prime Minister of India and their immediate family members residing with them at their official residence.

Here’s a detailed breakdown of SPG Security:

Personnel

• The exact number of personnel is classified information but is known to be a highly trained and specialized unit.
• SPG officers are drawn from various security forces like the Border Security Force (BSF), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), and National Security Guard (NSG).
• They undergo rigorous training in close protection, combat tactics, VIP security protocols, and counter-terrorism measures.

Deployment

• SPG security provides proximate protection to the Prime Minister and their family 24/7, both within India and during foreign travel.
• This involves a team of officers constantly accompanying the Prime Minister, securing their residence, and managing their travel arrangements.
• The specific deployment details are highly classified for security reasons.

Threat Level

• The Prime Minister represents the highest level of national leadership and is considered to face an unparalleled threat level.
• SPG security is designed to counter any potential threats, including assassination attempts, kidnapping, or terrorist attacks.

Budget

• The exact budget on SPG is not disclosed but in financial year 2020-2020, the total expenditure on SPG was 591 Crors.

Additional Considerations

• Unlike other security categories assigned by the MHA, SPG is a dedicated force with its own training facilities, resources, and operational structure.
• The SPG is known for its professionalism, discretion, and unwavering commitment to the safety of the Prime Minister and their family.
• The cost of maintaining the SPG is not publicly disclosed due to security reasons.

Important Point

• In November 2019, the government withdrew SPG security from the Gandhi family (Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi, and Priyanka Gandhi Vadra), who previously received it for over 28 years after the assassinations of Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi. They were instead assigned Z+ security.

Key Facts about India’s Security Categories – Types of Security in India

We have added some of notable key facts about all these types of security categories in India below-

FAQs on Types of Security in India – UPSC Questions on Different Security Categories in India

Question-1: Who can have Z category security in India?

Answer. Individuals facing a significant threat, such as prominent political figures, high-profile personalities, or those with substantial security concerns, may be eligible for Z category security.

Question-2: What is Y category security in India?

Answer. Y category security is a level of security cover provided to individuals who face a moderate level of threat. It includes a higher number of security personnel and enhanced protective measures compared to X category.

Question-3: What are the list of security categories?

Answer. The security categories in India include X, Y, Y+, Z, Z+, and SPG (Special Protection Group).

Question-4: What is SPG security in India?

Answer. SPG (Special Protection Group) is a specialized security force in India responsible for providing protection to the Prime Minister and his/her immediate family.

Question-5: Does Salman Khan have Z security?

Answer. As of January 2022, Salman Khan had been provided with Z category security, but downgraded later to Y+.

Question-6: Does SRK have Z security?

Answer. As 2024, Shah Rukh Khan (SRK) has Y+ security.

Question-7: What is the difference between SPG and Z+?

Answer. SPG is a specialized force providing security to the Prime Minister, while Z+ is a security category provided to individuals based on the perceived threat level, with Z+ being a higher level than Z.

Question-8: What is the difference between Y and Y+ Security Category?

Answer. Y+ category security provides a higher level of protection compared to Y category, with an increased number of security personnel and more comprehensive security measures.

Question-9: What is the Difference between Z and Z+ Security Category?

Answer. Z+ category security is a higher level of protection than Z category, with additional security personnel and more stringent security measures.

Question-10: Who are considered as VIP in India?

Answer. VIPs (Very Important Persons) in India include high-ranking government officials, political leaders, prominent personalities, and individuals deemed to require special security considerations.

Question-11: Who protects PM of India?

Answer. The Prime Minister of India is protected by the Special Protection Group (SPG).

Question-12: Who approves X & Y category of Security in India?

Answer. The Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, is typically responsible for approving X and Y category security cover.

Question-13: Which is better NSG or SPG?

Answer. NSG (National Security Guard) and SPG serve different purposes. NSG specializes in counter-terrorism and anti-hijacking operations, while SPG provides protection to the Prime Minister and his/her family.

Question-14: Who is a PM bodyguard?

Answer. The Prime Minister’s bodyguards are elite personnel from the Special Protection Group (SPG).

Question-15: What is the Y+ security?

Answer. Y+ security is a security category in India, indicating an elevated level of protection beyond the basic Y category.

Question-16: Who has Y+ security in India?

Answer. Specific individuals with Y+ security are determined based on threat perceptions and security assessments. These people may include Shahrukh Khan, Salman Khan, Kangna Ranaut, Vivekranjan Agnihotri and more.

Question-17: How much does Y+ security cost?

Answer. The cost of the arrangements of Y+ security is approximate 35 lakh rupees per month.

Question-18: Who approves Z+ security?

Answer. The approval for Z+ security is generally granted by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.

Question-19: What is the salary of SPG?

Answer. The salary of SPG personnel are widely ranged. And this range up to ₹12.8 lakhs to ₹47.0 lakhs per year.

Question-20: Can girls join SPG?

Answer. SPG has primarily consisted of male personnel. But female candidates can also apply and get selected.

Question-21: How can I join SPG?

Answer. Joining SPG typically involves recruitment through specific channels such as NDA or CDS exams. After clearing these exams, you have to pass other written exams and have to go through rigorous training and then you can be one of the SPG member.

Question-22: What is the salary of NSG?

Answer. The salary details of NSG personnel are ranges up to INR 80,000 – INR 3,00,000.

Question-23: What is the salary of Cobra commando?

Answer. The salary of Cobra commandos (CRPF’s specialized COBRA unit) can vary between 1.3 Lakhs rupees to 2.1 Lakh rupees per month.

Question-24: What is the age limit for SPG?

Answer. The age limit for joining SPG may vary between 18 to 35 years old.

Question-25: Who can join NSG?

Answer. To join the National Security Guard (NSG), individuals must be Indian citizens under 35 years, possess a graduation degree, and have a minimum of 3 years’ service in the Indian Army or 5 years in the Police. Physical and medical fitness, a clean character, and affiliation with armed forces (Indian Army or Central Armed Police Force) are essential.

Question-26: Can IPS join NSG?

Answer. Yes, officers from the Indian Police Service (IPS) can join NSG through deputation.

Question-27: Can girls join NSG?

Answer. Yes, women can join the National Security Guard (NSG) as Commando Black Cat Commandos.

Question-28: How do I join Marcos?

Answer. To join Marcos, you must be an Indian Navy officer, at least 20 years of age. Volunteer for Marcos Special Forces and undergo a rigorous selection process, including pre-selection, a three-day physical and aptitude test, followed by a five-week selection phase. If selected, proceed to 10-week basic SF training at INS Abhimanyu, covering weapons handling, unarmed combat, and more. Advance to specialized training involving combat free-fall, counter-insurgency, amphibious operations, and language training. Successfully completing these phases will make you a Marcos Commando. Stay physically fit, mentally resilient, and meet the stringent eligibility criteria.

Question-29: What is black cat commando?

Answer. “Black Cat” is a colloquial term often used to refer to commandos of the National Security Guard (NSG) due to their distinctive black uniforms.

Question-30: Can I join NSG after 12th?

Answer. Joining NSG typically requires prior experience and training in elite forces. Direct recruitment after 12th may not be common, and individuals usually gain experience before being considered for NSG roles.

Question-31: Is MARCOS better than Para SF?

Answer. Para SF is better & more attractive one.

Question-32: What is the salary of MARCOS in India?

Answer. The salary of MARCOS personnel are ranges across INR 55000 to 70,000 INR.

Question-33: Can I join Navy after 12th?

Answer. Yes, individuals can join the Indian Navy after 12th through various entry schemes. Recruitment details are available on the official website of the Indian Navy.

Question-34: Which security is given to Salman Khan?

Answer. Salman Khan had Y+ category security.

Question-35: Which security is given to Adani?

Answer. Gautam Adani has Z category of Security in India.

Question-36: Which security is given to Ambani?

Answer. Mukesh Ambani has the Z+ Category of Security

Question-37: Who pays for Z+ security?

Answer. The cost of Z+ security is typically borne by the government.

Question-38: Which security is best Y+ or Z+?

Answer. Z+ security is considered a higher level of protection compared to Y+ security.

Question-39: What is the full form of NSG?

Answer. The full form of NSG is the National Security Guard.

Question-40: What is the full form of SPG?

Answer. The full form of SPG is the Special Protection Group.