Indian Gallantry Awards & Its Types, Precedence Order, Latest News – Fully Explained in Simple Words – Gallantry Awards Vs Non Gallantry Awards – UPSC Questions
Table of Contents
Introduction to Gallantry Awards UPSC
Recently, President of India, Smt. Draupati Murmu has green flagged the approval of gallantry awards to 80 Military personnel in India. These Gallantry Awards include 12 Posthumous Gallantry Awards. This is a comprehensive news which includes of awarding those who have served the India with Ultimate sacrifice.
This news has again highlighted the importance and values of Gallantry Awards. Knowing about Gallantry Awards is crucial for those who likes to be updates with everything important around them, and also for those who are preparing for major competitive examinations in India. If you are also one of those who are preparing for the exam & wants to know about Gallantry Awards in Detail, then this blog will help you all around.
So, let’s start-
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Why Gallantry Awards are in News? – Gallantry Awards UPSC
The recent inclusion of gallantry awards in the news is attributed to President Droupadi Murmu’s approval of honors for 80 military personnel on the 75th Republic Day.
Notably, this recognition includes six Kirti Chakras, 16 Shaurya Chakras, 53 Sena Medals, one Nao Sena Medal (Gallantry), and four Vayu Sena Medals (Gallantry).
Twelve of these awards, emphasizing extraordinary valor, were posthumously conferred, exemplifying the selfless sacrifice of military personnel.
Importance as per UPSC Perspective
The news holds significance for UPSC aspirants because it reflects the commitment and bravery of individuals serving in the armed forces. Such developments are essential topics in the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) examinations, particularly in the context of national security, defense, and the valorous deeds of military personnel.
What is Gallantry Award? – Gallantry Award UPSC
Gallantry awards in India, including the Param Vir Chakra, Mahavir Chakra, Vir Chakra, Ashok Chakra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra, hold significant esteem as they recognize and honor acts of exceptional courage and bravery exhibited by individuals, particularly in the armed forces.
The Param Vir Chakra stands at the pinnacle, acknowledging the highest level of valor in the face of the enemy, followed by the Mahavir Chakra and Vir Chakra.
The Ashok Chakra, a peace-time gallantry award, highlights acts of courage away from the battlefield.
The Kirti Chakra and Shaurya Chakra further distinguish acts of conspicuous gallantry during war and peace, respectively.
These awards serve as powerful symbols of the nation’s gratitude and appreciation for those who go beyond the call of duty, often risking their lives for the safety and security of the country.
Each award encapsulates stories of sacrifice and resilience, fostering a culture of bravery within the armed forces and inspiring the nation as a whole. The recognition of gallantry through these awards reflects the core values of courage, dedication, and selfless service that are integral to India’s military ethos.
About Gallantry Awards – History of Gallantry Awards UPSC
Post-independence, the Government of India instituted the first three gallantry awards – Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, and Vir Chakra – on January 26, 1950, with retrospective effect from August 15, 1947.
Subsequently, on January 4, 1952, the government introduced three additional gallantry awards – Ashoka Chakra Class-I, Ashoka Chakra Class-II, and Ashoka Chakra Class-III – with the same retrospective effect.
In a significant move in January 1967, these awards were renamed as Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra, respectively.
These gallantry awards are conferred biannually, first on Republic Day and then on Independence Day, to honor individuals displaying exceptional valor and courage, both in times of war and peace.
The order of precedence for these awards is as follows: Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Mahavir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. Through these distinctions, the government not only recognizes the sacrifices made by the armed forces but also reinforces the values of courage and selflessness in the pursuit of national security and welfare.
Types of Gallantry Awards – 6 Types of Gallantry Awards – All Types of Gallantry Awards
Gallantry Awards in India are categorized into two distinct types, each highlighting acts of valor in different contexts and circumstances.
First Type: Gallantry in the Face of Enemy
In this category, recognition is bestowed upon individuals who display exceptional courage and bravery during direct confrontations with the enemy. The awards include:
- Param Vir Chakra (PVC): The highest honor, reserved for those who exhibit extraordinary bravery in the most challenging combat situations.
- Mahavir Chakra (MVC): This award signifies exceptional valor displayed in the heat of battle, acknowledging individuals who go above and beyond the call of duty during wartime.
- Vir Chakra (VC/VrC): Commending acts of courage in combat scenarios, this award recognizes the gallantry displayed by military personnel facing enemy forces.
Second Type: Gallantry Other than in the Face of Enemy
This category celebrates acts of courage in various situations beyond direct confrontations with the enemy. The awards under this type are:
- Ashok Chakra: A symbol of outstanding bravery away from the battlefield, acknowledging significant contributions to the nation’s welfare.
- Kirti Chakra: Recognizing acts of valor in diverse circumstances, this award pays tribute to individuals who display courage beyond the immediate threat of an adversary.
- Shaurya Chakra: Honoring sacrifice and bravery outside the immediate context of enemy engagement, this award underscores courage in the face of challenges beyond the battlefield.
Historical Evolution
The first three gallantry awards, Param Vir Chakra, Mahavir Chakra, and Vir Chakra, were instituted by the Government of India on January 26, 1950, with retrospective effect from August 15, 1947.
Subsequently, on January 4, 1952, the government introduced three additional awards, later renamed Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra in January 1967.
Order of Precedence
Reflecting the hierarchy of valor, the order of precedence is as follows:
- Param Vir Chakra
- Ashoka Chakra
- Mahavir Chakra
- Kirti Chakra
- Vir Chakra
- Shaurya Chakra
Gallantry Awards Explained – All Gallantry Awards UPSC
We have explained each of every Gallantry Awards with all kinds of details:
1. Param Vir Chakra [1st of Gallantry Award from 6 Types Gallantry Awards] – The highest Gallantry Award in India
We have explained Param Vir Chakra (PVC) point by point below-
- Distinctive Design: The Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is a circular bronze medal, 1.375 inches in diameter, featuring four replicas of “Indra’s Vajra” and the State Emblem on one side. The reverse side is embossed with “PARAM VIR CHAKRA” in Hindi and English, with two lotus flowers between the inscriptions.
- Plain Purple Ribbon: The medal is suspended from a plain purple-colored ribbon, adding simplicity to its distinguished appearance.
- Significance of Bar: Recipients can receive Bars for additional acts of bravery, recorded by attaching them to the ribbon. Miniature replicas of “Indra’s Vajra” are added for each Bar, even posthumously, symbolizing repeated acts of courage.
- Highest Military Decoration: The PVC is India’s highest military honor, granted for “most conspicuous bravery in the presence of the enemy” during wartime.
- Historical Recognition: Awarded 21 times as of January 2018, 14 posthumously, and mostly in Indo-Pakistani conflicts, showcasing the medal’s historical significance and the exceptional courage of recipients.
- Military Diversity: Of the 21 awardees, 20 have been from the Indian Army, and one from the Indian Air Force, emphasizing the recognition’s widespread applicability in different branches.
- International Equivalents: The PVC is equivalent to prestigious military decorations like the Victoria Cross in the United Kingdom and the Medal of Honor in the United States, reflecting its global standing and importance in the military honors hierarchy.
Param Vir Chakra (PVC) Photo – Param Vir Chakra (PVC) Picture
Key Facts about Param Vir Chakra
We have added all key facts about Param Vir Chakra Below-
| Attribute | Information |
| Type | Military Award |
| Presented by | The President of India |
| Precedence in All Gallantry Awards | Highest [in classification of Gallantry in the Face of Enemy] |
| Established | 26 January 1950; 73 years ago |
| First Awardee | Somnath Sharma (Major, Kumaon Regiment) |
| Last Awardee | Vikram Batra (Captain, Jammu and Kashmir Rifles) |
| Total Awardees | 21 (As of Today – 1st of February 2024 ) |
| Awardees Posthumously | 14 |
| Design | Circular bronze disc, 35mm diameter |
| Equivalent of | Victoria Cross (UK), Medal of Honor (US) |
List of all Param Vir Chakra Winners – List of all Param Vir Chakra Awardees
We have added a comprehensive list of Param Vir Chakra (PVC) Awardee below- If you want to crocc check it, you can visit the official website to the list:
| Name | Unit/Rank | Date of Action | Conflict & Place of Action |
| Somnath Sharma | Major, Kumaon Regiment | 3 November 1947 | Battle of Badgam, Badgam, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| Jadunath Singh | Naik, Rajput Regiment | 6 February 1948 | Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, Naushera, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| Rama Raghoba Rane | Second Lieutenant, Bombay Sappers | 8 April 1948 | Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, Naushera, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| Piru Singh | Company Havildar Major, Rajputana Rifles | 17 July 1948 | Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, Tithwal, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| Karam Singh | Lance Naik, Sikh Regiment | 13 October 1948 | Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, Tithwal, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| Gurbachan Singh Salaria | Captain, 1 Gorkha Rifles[d] | 5 December 1961 | Congo Crisis, Élisabethville, Katanga, Congo |
| Dhan Singh Thapa | Major, 8 Gorkha Rifles | 20 October 1962 | Sino-Indian War, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| Joginder Singh | Subedar, Sikh Regiment | 23 October 1962 | Sino-Indian War, Tongpen La, North-East Frontier Agency, India |
| Shaitan Singh | Major, Kumaon Regiment | 18 November 1962 | Sino-Indian War, Rezang La, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| Abdul Hamid | Company Quarter Master Havildar, The Grenadiers | 10 September 1965 | Battle of Asal Uttar, Khemkaran, India |
| Ardeshir Tarapore | Lieutenant Colonel, Poona Horse | 11 September 1965 | Battle of Chawinda, Phillora, Sialkot, Pakistan |
| Albert Ekka | Lance Naik, Brigade of the Guards | 3 December 1971 | Battle of Hilli, Gangasagar, Agartala, India |
| Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon | Flying Officer, No. 18 Squadron IAF | 14 December 1971 | Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| Arun Khetarpal | Second Lieutenant, Poona Horse | 16 December 1971 | Battle of Basantar, Barapind-Jarpal, Shakargarh, Pakistan |
| Hoshiar Singh Dahiya | Major, The Grenadiers | 17 December 1971 | Battle of Basantar, Basantar River, Shakargarh, Pakistan |
| Bana Singh | Naib Subedar, Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry | 23 May 1987 | Operation Rajiv, Siachen Glacier, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| Ramaswamy Parameshwaran | Major, Mahar Regiment[e] | 25 November 1987 | Operation Pawan, Sri Lanka |
| Manoj Kumar Pandey | Lieutenant, 11 Gorkha Rifles | 3 July 1999 | Kargil War, Khaluber/Juber Top, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| Yogendra Singh Yadav | Grenadier, The Grenadiers | 4 July 1999 | Battle of Tiger Hill, Tiger Hill, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| Sanjay Kumar | Rifleman, Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | 5 July 1999 | Kargil War, Kargil, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| Vikram Batra | Captain, Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | 7 July 1999 | Operation Vijay, Kargil, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
2. Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) [2nd Gallantry Award from 6 Types of Gallantry Awards] – Third Highest Gallantry Award in India
We have added a complete detail to Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) point by point below-
- Medal Design: The Mahavir Chakra is a circular silver medal, 1.375 inches in diameter, featuring a five-pointed heraldic star on the obverse with the gilded State Emblem at the center. The reverse bears the inscription “MAHA VIR CHAKRA” in Hindi and English, accompanied by two lotus flowers.
- Ribbon: The ribbon is distinctive, with a half-white and half-orange color scheme, approximately 3.2 cm in width, worn near the left shoulder.
- Bar Addition: Recipients demonstrating additional acts of bravery eligible for the Mahavir Chakra have Bars recorded on the riband. Each Bar, awarded for subsequent acts, may also be conferred posthumously, and a miniature replica of the Chakra is added to the riband for each Bar when worn alone.
- Significance: The Mahavir Chakra is India’s second-highest military decoration, awarded for conspicuous gallantry in the face of the enemy on land, at sea, or in the air. It succeeded the British Distinguished Service Order (DSO) and can be awarded posthumously.
- Appearance Details: The medal, made of standard silver, is worn on the left chest. The obverse features a heraldic star, and the reverse showcases the medal’s name in Hindi and English with two lotus flowers. The distinctive ribbon adds to its visual identity.
- Historical Recognition: Since its inception, the Mahavir Chakra has been awarded for more than 218 acts of bravery and selfless courage. The highest number of Mahavir Chakras awarded in a single conflict was during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, with eleven presented to the Indian Air Force.
- Equivalent to: As the second-highest military decoration in India, the Mahavir Chakra holds a significant position, ranking just below the Param Vir Chakra.
Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) Photo – Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) Picture
Key Facts about Maha Vir Chakra
We have added a list of key facts about Maha Vir Chakra below-
| Attribute | Information |
| Type | Medal |
| Precedence in Military Gallantry Award | Third– Highest |
| Awarded for | Acts of gallantry in the presence of the enemy on land, at sea, or in the air. |
| Country | India Republic of India |
| Presented by | India Republic of India |
| Eligibility | Military personnel |
| Status | Currently awarded |
| Established | 26 January 1950; 74 years ago |
| First awarded | 1947 |
| Last awarded | 2021 |
| Total awarded posthumously | 74 |
| Total recipients | 213 (As of Today – 1st of February 2024 ) |
3. Vir Chakra (VC / VrC) [3rd Gallantry Award from 6 Types of Gallantry Awards] – Fifth Highest Gallantry Award in India
We have added a complete set of details about Vir Chakra (VC / Vrc) point by point below-
- Definition and Precedence: The Vir Chakra is an Indian military bravery award presented for acts of gallantry on the battlefield, ranking third in precedence among wartime gallantry awards, following the Param Vir Chakra and Maha Vir Chakra.
- Establishment and Origin: Established by the President of India on 26 January 1950, its statutes were amended on 12 January 1952, with retroactive effect from 15 August 1947, as part of the order of wearing adjustments after the introduction of new decorations.
- Replacement of British Decorations: The Vir Chakra replaced British wartime decorations, including the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC), Military Cross (MC), and Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC). Recipients are entitled to use “Vr.C.” as a postnominal abbreviation.
- Appearance: The circular silver medal is 1-3/8 inches in diameter and features a five-pointed star with a central chakra bearing the gilded State Emblem. The rim carries the decoration’s name, and the ribbon is half dark blue and half orange-saffron.
- Legends and Inscriptions: Around a plain center, two legends are inscribed, with “Vir Chakra” written in Hindi above and in English below the lotus flowers.
- Cash Allowance Controversy: The award includes a cash allowance and, controversially, a lump sum cash award. Since February 1999, the central government has provided a monthly stipend of Rs. 850 for recipients, with additional state-specific pension rewards.
- Bar and Posthumous Recognition: Recipients demonstrating additional acts of bravery may receive a Bar, and for each such act, a miniature replica of the Chakra is added to the riband. Bars may be awarded posthumously.
Vir Chakra (VC / VrC) Photo – Vir Chakra (VC / VrC) Picture
Key Facts about Vir Chakra (VC / VrC)
We have added a list of details about Vir Chakra (VC / VrC) below-
| Attribute | Information |
| Type | Medal |
| Awarded for | Acts of gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land or at sea or in the air. |
| Country | India Republic of India |
| Presented by | President of India |
| Eligibility | Military Personnel Only |
| Post-nominals | VrC |
| Status | Currently Awarded |
| Precedence | Fifth Highest |
| First awarded | 1947 |
| Last awarded | 2021 |
| Total awarded posthumously | 361 |
| Total recipients | 1335 (As of Today – 1st of February 2024 ) |
4. Ashok Chakra [4th Gallantry Award from 6 Types of Gallantry Awards] – Second Highest Gallantry Award in India
We have added a set of complete details about Ashok Chakra point by point:
- Purpose: The Ashoka Chakra is India’s highest peacetime military decoration, recognizing valor, courageous action, or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield. It is the peacetime equivalent of the Param Vir Chakra (PVC).
- Eligibility: The decoration can be awarded to both military and civilian personnel for acts of “most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent valour or self-sacrifice” other than in the face of the enemy.
- History: Originally established in 1952 as the “Ashoka Chakra, Class I,” it underwent a renaming and reclassification in 1967, separating into the Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra.
- First Recipients: Havildar Bachittar Singh and Naik Narbahadur Thapa were the inaugural awardees of the Ashoka Chakra.
- Stipends and Awards: Recipients are eligible for a monthly stipend, and from February 1999 onwards, the central government instituted a monthly stipend of Rs. 1400 for awardees. Jammu and Kashmir also awards a cash prize of Rs. 1500.
- Design: The circular gold-gilt medal features the Chakra of Ashoka in the center, surrounded by a lotus wreath. The reverse is blank, with the words “Ashoka Chakra” in Hindi and English along the edges.
- Bar Recognition: Additional acts of gallantry by a recipient are recognized by adding Bars to the riband. Each Bar is accompanied by a miniature replica of the Chakra when worn alone.
Ashok Chakra (Gallantry Award / Military Award) Photo – Ashok Chakra (Gallantry Award / Military Award) Picture
Key Facts about Ashok Chakra (Gallantry Award / Military Award)
We have added a list of details related to 4th highest gallantry award in India named Ashok Chakra below-
| Attribute | Information |
| Type | Medal |
| Awarded for | Most conspicuous bravery, or some act of daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice otherwise than in the face of the enemy.[1] |
| Description | India’s highest peacetime military decoration |
| Country | India Republic of India |
| Presented by | President of India |
| Eligibility | – Officers, men and women of all ranks of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force, of the Territorial Army, Militia and of any other lawfully constituted forces. – Members of the Nursing Services of the Armed Forces. – Civilian Citizens of either sex in all walks of life and members of Police Forces including Central Para-Military Forces and Railway protection Force. |
| Post-nominals | AC |
| Status | Active |
| Precedence | Second Highest After Param Vir Chakra |
| Established | 1952; 72 years ago |
| First awarded | 1952 |
| Last awarded | 2021 |
| Total | 98 (As of Today – 1st of February 2024 ) |
| Total awarded posthumously | 68 |
| Total recipients | 98 |
5. Kirti Chakra [5th Gallantry Award from 6 Types of Gallantry Awards] – Fourth Highest Gallantry Award in India
We have added a set of complete details about Kirti Chakra point by point-
- Type: The Kirti Chakra is a significant Indian military decoration, recognizing acts of valour, courageous actions, or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield, serving as the peacetime counterpart to the Maha Vir Chakra.
- History: Established on January 4, 1952, as “Ashoka Chakra, Class II,” it underwent renaming on January 27, 1967, shaping its present form.
- Design: The circular silver medal features the Ashoka Chakra on the obverse, “Kirti Chakra” in Hindi and English on the reverse, with a dark green ribbon bearing two saffron stripes.
- Eligibility: Open to military personnel and civilians, it covers various branches, including Army, Navy, Air Force, Reserve Forces, Territorial Army, Militia, Nursing Services, and civilians in diverse roles.
- Bar Recognition: Noteworthy acts of gallantry are acknowledged with Bars added to the riband, each accompanied by a miniature Chakra.
- Conditions of Eligibility: Conspicuous gallantry away from enemy encounters is the criterion, with posthumous awards included. Monetary allowances were instituted from February 1999.
- Statistics: As of January 2024, a total of 98 Kirti Chakras have been awarded, including 68 posthumous honors.
Kirti Chakra Photo – Kirti Chakra Picture
Key Facts about Kirti Chakra
We have added a complete list of details related to Kirti Chakra below-
| Attribute | Information |
| Type | Medal |
| Awarded for | Conspicuous gallantry otherwise than in the face of the enemy. |
| Country | India |
| Presented by | President of India |
| Eligibility | – Officers, men, and women of all ranks of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force, of any of the Reserve Forces, of the Territorial Army, Militia, and of any other lawfully constituted forces. – Members of the Nursing Services of the Armed Forces. – Civilian Citizens of either sex in all walks of life and members of Police Forces, including Central Para-Military Forces and Railway Protection Force. |
| Post-nominals | KC |
| Status | Currently Awarded |
| Precedence | Fourth Highest [4th Highest Gallantry Award] |
| Established | 1952; 72 years ago |
| First awarded | 1952 |
| Last awarded | 2019 |
| Total awarded posthumously | 198 |
| Total recipients | 486 (As of Today – 1st of February 2024 ) |
Shaurya Chakra [6th of Gallantry Award from 6 Types of Gallantry Awards] – Sixth Highest Gallantry Award in India
We have added a set of complete details about Shaurya Chakra point by point
- Award Criteria: The Shaurya Chakra is conferred for acts of valour, courageous action, or self-sacrifice in situations not directly engaged with the enemy. It is open to both military personnel and civilians, with potential posthumous awards. The decoration is third in peacetime gallantry awards, succeeding the Ashoka Chakra and the Kirti Chakra.
- Historical Background: Established as the “Ashoka Chakra, Class III” in 1952, it underwent renaming and revision on January 27, 1967. Before 1967, it was known as the Ashoka Chakra, Class III. Post-1967, awards are recognized by a bar added to the medal ribbon. It can be awarded in addition to the Ashoka Chakra or Kirti Chakra for separate acts of gallantry.
- Design Characteristics: The circular bronze medal, 1-3/8 inches in diameter, features the Ashoka Chakra at the center, surrounded by a lotus wreath. The reverse side bears the name “Shaurya Chakra.” The ribbon is green, divided into four equal parts by three orange vertical lines. Recipients may receive Bars for subsequent acts of gallantry.
- Eligibility Criteria: The Shaurya Chakra is the peacetime equivalent of the Vir Chakra and is often awarded for counter-insurgency operations and actions against the enemy during peace. Eligible categories include military personnel from various branches, nursing officers, and civilian citizens, including members of police forces.
- Stipend and Awards: Since February 1, 1999, recipients are entitled to a monthly stipend, and each subsequent act of gallantry can be recognized with a Bar. Posthumous awards are also permissible. Jammu and Kashmir offer a cash award for recipients of the Shaurya Chakra.
- Precedence and Recognition: The Shaurya Chakra holds the third position in the order of peacetime gallantry awards, following the Ashoka Chakra and the Kirti Chakra. It precedes the Yudh Seva Medal. As of the latest data, a total of 2094 recipients have been honored with the Shaurya Chakra, with 677 posthumous awards.
Shauriya Chakra Photo – Shaurya Chakra Picture
Key Facts about Shaurya Chakra
We have Listed all Key Facts about Shaurya Chakra Below-
| Attribute | Information |
| Type | Medal |
| Awarded for | Gallantry otherwise than in the face of the enemy. |
| Country | India Republic of India |
| Presented by | India Republic of India |
| Eligibility | – Officers, men, and women of all ranks of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force, of any of the Reserve Forces, of the Territorial Army, Militia, and of any other lawfully constituted forces. – Members of the Nursing Services of the Armed Forces. – Civilian Citizens of either sex in all walks of life and members of Police Forces including Central Para-Military Forces and Railway Protection Force. |
| Post-nominals | SC |
| Status | Currently Awarded |
| Precedence | Sixth Highest [6th Highest Gallantry Award] |
| Established | 1952; 72 years ago |
| First awarded | 1952 |
| Last awarded | 2021 |
| Total awarded posthumously | 627 |
| Total recipients | 2122 (As of Today – 1st of February 2024 ) |
Significance of Gallantry Awards
Gallantry awards hold significant importance in recognizing and honoring individuals who have displayed exceptional courage, bravery, and selflessness in the face of adversity, often in the line of duty. These awards carry various levels of prestige and are symbols of valor, serving several key purposes:
- Recognition of Bravery: Gallantry awards acknowledge and appreciate acts of exceptional courage and heroism, highlighting individuals who have gone above and beyond their call of duty.
- Motivation and Morale Boost: The public recognition of gallantry acts serves as a source of motivation for the armed forces and other security personnel. It boosts morale among individuals, fostering a sense of pride and commitment to their responsibilities.
- Inspiration for Others: Gallantry awards set examples for others to follow, inspiring individuals to act bravely and selflessly when faced with challenging situations. They become role models for future generations.
- Camaraderie and Esprit de Corps: These awards strengthen the bond among members of the armed forces and security personnel. The acknowledgment of one’s bravery fosters a sense of camaraderie and unity within the ranks.
- National Pride and Honor: Gallantry awards contribute to the nation’s pride and honor. They highlight the sacrifices made by individuals to ensure the safety and security of the country and its citizens.
- Memorialization of Sacrifices: In cases where the gallantry is posthumously awarded, the medals serve as a lasting memorial to the sacrifices made by individuals in the service of their nation.
- Preservation of Values: Gallantry awards uphold and preserve the core values of bravery, selflessness, and dedication. They act as a reminder of the virtues that individuals in uniform are expected to uphold.
- Deterrence and Security: The acknowledgment of gallantry acts reinforces the commitment to national security. It sends a message to potential adversaries that acts of courage will be recognized and rewarded.
Complete list of Gallantry Award Winners in India
If you are seeking a comprehensive list of Gallantry Award winners in India, please visit the official government website or relevant authoritative sources. The following table provides an overview of the six major Gallantry Awards and the number of recipients as of the latest available information:
| Gallantry Award | Number of Recipients (Till First February 2024) |
| Param Vir Chakra | 21 |
| Maha Vir Chakra | 213 |
| Vir Chakra | 1335 |
| Ashoka Chakra | 98 |
| Kirti Chakra | 486 |
| Shaurya Chakra | 2122 |
Selection Process for Gallantry Awards
The Selection process of selecting candidates for Gallantry Awards is not that straight forward. We have added the complete process below-
1. Recommendation Solicitation
The Ministry of Defence invites recommendations biannually from the Armed Forces and Union Ministry of Home Affairs for gallantry awards. The calls are typically made in August for Republic Day awards and March for Independence Day awards.
2. Armed Forces Initiatives
The process begins within the Armed Forces when a unit identifies a case for a gallantry award. If the case is deemed suitable, it is forwarded to the respective Services Headquarters with endorsements from the chain of commanders immediately after the gallant act.
3. Service HQrs Evaluation
All proposals from various units undergo scrutiny by the Awards Committee at Services Headquarters. The committee reviews the recommendations before forwarding them to the Ministry of Defence, seeking approval from the respective Chiefs.
4. Civilian Recommendations
Recommendations for civilian citizens (excluding Defence personnel) are sourced from the Union Ministry of Home Affairs. MHA seeks recommendations from State/UT Governments, Central Ministries/Departments, and other relevant entities, excluding direct submissions from private individuals or VIP references.
5. MHA Sub-Committee Evaluation
A Sub-Committee in the Ministry of Home Affairs scrutinizes the received recommendations, and their endorsed suggestions are sent to the Ministry of Defence with the approval of the Union Home Secretary.
6. Timely Submission
Timely submission of recommendations is crucial, and ideally, proposals for gallantry awards should reach the Ministry of Defence shortly after the gallant act. The stipulated time limit for consideration is within two calendar years from the date of the courageous deed.
7. Central Honours & Awards Committee (CH&AC)
The Central Honours & Awards Committee, consisting of the Raksha Mantri, three Service Chiefs, Defence Secretary, and, for MHA-recommended cases, the Home Secretary, evaluates all received recommendations.
8. Prime Minister and President Approval
The approved recommendations of the CH&AC are then submitted for the approval of the Prime Minister and the President of India.
9. Announcement of Awards
After the President’s approval, the gallantry awards are officially announced on the occasions of the Republic Day and Independence Day.
What are Gallantry and Non Gallantry Awards in India?
We have added a complete details about Gallantry and non awards in India-
1. Gallantry Awards in India
Gallantry awards in India are prestigious honors bestowed upon individuals in the armed forces who display exceptional courage and bravery in the face of the enemy or during operations, including undeclared wars. These awards recognize acts of valor that go above and beyond the call of duty.
The highest gallantry award is the Param Vir Chakra (PVC), followed by the Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) and Vir Chakra. The Ashok Chakra series includes the Kirti Chakra and Shaurya Chakra, all of which commend acts of gallantry and courage in different degrees.
2. Non-Gallantry Awards in India
Non-gallantry awards in India acknowledge various forms of exemplary service and contributions, not necessarily in direct combat situations. These honors are conferred for distinguished service, meritorious performance, and achievements across different fields.
Some notable non-gallantry awards include the PVSM (Param Vishisht Seva Medal), AVSM (Ati Vishisht Seva Medal), and VSM (Vishisht Seva Medal) for distinguished service. Civilian awards such as the Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri are also included in this category, recognizing exceptional contributions to society.
Additionally, campaign and service medals, like the General Service Medal 1947, Samanya Seva Medal, and Special Service Medal, acknowledge specific military campaigns or long-term service. Special medals like the Parakram Padak and Wound Medal are granted for unique circumstances.
Difference between Gallantry Awards and Non Gallantry Awards
We have added 10 Key Differences between Gallantry Awards and Non Gallantry Awards in Indian below-
| Aspect | Gallantry Awards | Non-Gallantry Awards |
| Nature of Recognition | Acknowledges acts of extreme courage and bravery in combat. | Recognizes distinguished service, achievements, and contributions across various fields. |
| Criteria for Awarding | Based on demonstrated valor in the face of the enemy. | Granted for distinguished service, meritorious performance, and other exceptional contributions. |
| Highest Award | Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is the highest gallantry award. | Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award, not exclusive to the armed forces. |
| Civilian Inclusion | Typically exclusive to military personnel. | Includes both military and civilian awards, such as Padma series and Bharat Ratna. |
| Acts Recognized | Recognizes specific acts of bravery and valor in combat. | Acknowledges a broad range of accomplishments, not necessarily involving direct combat with an enemy. |
| Combat Focus | Primarily centered on actions in the presence of an enemy. | Extends beyond combat situations, considering contributions to society, science, arts, and other fields. |
| Hierarchy | Follows a hierarchical structure, such as PVC, MVC, and Vir Chakra. | Includes various awards without a strict hierarchical order, each having its own criteria and significance. |
| Frequency of Awarding | Generally awarded for exceptional and rare instances. | Can be awarded for a broader range of accomplishments, potentially more frequently than gallantry awards. |
| Examples of Awards | Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Ashok Chakra series. | PVSM, AVSM, Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri. |
| Scope of Recognition | Focused on individual acts of courage and bravery. | Extends to a variety of achievements, including long service, meritorious service, and contributions in various fields. |
Difference between Gallantry Awards and Non Gallantry Awards
Gallantry Awards Latest News
President Droupadi Murmu has approved gallantry awards for 80 military personnel, including 12 posthumous, on the eve of the 75th Republic Day. The awards include six Kirti Chakras, 16 Shaurya Chakras, 53 Sena Medals, one Nao Sena Medal (Gallantry), and four Vayu Sena Medals (Gallantry).
Notable recipients include Major Digvijay Singh, Major Deependra Vikram Basnet, and Havildar Pawan Kumar Yadav. Captain Anshuman Singh from the Army Medical Corps received the Kirti Chakra posthumously for his exceptional bravery during a fire incident on Siachen glacier under Operation MEGHDOOT.
In addition to gallantry awards, President Murmu approved 311 defense decorations, including Param Vishisht Seva Medals, Uttam Yudh Seva Medals, Ati Vishisht Seva Medals, Yudh Seva Medals, Sena Medals, Nao Sena Medals, Vayu Sena Medals, and Vishisht Seva Medals.
Eighty-four Mentioned-in-Despatches were also approved, including 10 posthumous. Coast Guard personnel, including Inspector General Bhisham Sharma, were honored with the President’s Tatrakshak Medal and Tatrakshak Medal (Gallantry).
Captain Anshuman Singh’s citation highlighted his exceptional bravery and sacrifice during the Siachen incident, earning him a ‘Shaurya Chakra (Posthumous).’ Overall, these awards recognize individuals for their unwavering commitment, exceptional service, and acts of conspicuous gallantry in safeguarding the nation’s maritime interests.
(Source: [The Hindu]
FAQs on Gallantry Award – Gallantry Award UPSC Questions
Question-1: What are Gallantry Awards in India?
Answer. Gallantry Awards in India are honors presented for exceptional courage, bravery, and sacrifice, primarily in the context of military and paramilitary services.
Question-2: How many types of Gallantry Awards exist in India?
Answer. There are six main types of Gallantry Awards in India: Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra.
Question-3: Who is eligible to receive Gallantry Awards?
Answer. Eligibility extends to officers, men, and women of the armed forces, nursing services, as well as civilians, including members of police forces and other lawfully constituted forces.
Question-4: Can Gallantry Awards be awarded posthumously?
Answer. Yes, Gallantry Awards can be awarded posthumously to individuals who have displayed exceptional courage, even if they did not survive the action for which they are being honored.
Question-5: How is eligibility determined for each Gallantry Award?
Answer. Each Gallantry Award has specific criteria for eligibility, considering the nature of the act of bravery, the level of courage displayed, and the circumstances under which it occurred.
Question-6: What is the significance of the Param Vir Chakra?
Answer. The Param Vir Chakra is India’s highest military decoration, awarded for displaying the highest degree of valor and self-sacrifice in the face of the enemy.
Question-7: Is there a peacetime equivalent to Gallantry Awards?
Answer. Yes, in peacetime, the equivalent awards are Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra, recognizing acts of bravery, courage, and self-sacrifice away from the battlefield.
Question-8: How often are Gallantry Awards conferred?
Answer. Gallantry Awards are conferred on Republic Day and Independence Day each year. However, in exceptional cases, they can be awarded at any time.
Question-9: Can civilians receive Gallantry Awards?
Answer. Yes, civilians, including those not affiliated with the armed forces, can receive Gallantry Awards for acts of bravery and valor.
Question-10: How does the government recognize Gallantry Award recipients?
Answer. In addition to the medal, Gallantry Award recipients often receive monetary allowances, stipends, and other honors from the government as a mark of recognition for their courageous actions
Question-11: What is the Gallantry Award?
Answer. The Gallantry Award is a recognition bestowed upon individuals, both military and civilian, for exceptional acts of bravery and valor, usually away from the battlefield. These awards acknowledge courage, self-sacrifice, and extraordinary service to the nation.
Question-12: Can you explain the 6 types of Gallantry Awards?
Answer. The six types of Gallantry Awards in India are Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. Each award recognizes different levels of courage and valor, contributing to the nation’s defense and welfare.
Question-13: What are posthumous gallantry awards?
Answer. Posthumous gallantry awards are honors given to individuals who displayed exceptional bravery and sacrifice but lost their lives in the process. These awards acknowledge and honor their extraordinary courage and service even after their demise.
Question-14: What does the term “gallantry award” mean?
Answer. A gallantry award is a prestigious recognition presented to individuals who have shown exceptional courage, valor, and self-sacrifice in challenging situations. These awards symbolize heroism and outstanding service to the nation.
Question-15: What is the sequence of gallantry awards in India?
Answer. The sequence of gallantry awards in India, in descending order of precedence, is Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. Each award holds a specific place in the hierarchy based on the level of bravery and sacrifice.
Question-16: How are bravery awards received?
Answer. Bravery awards, including gallantry awards, are received through a formal process of recommendation and approval. The armed forces and civilian authorities propose individuals for these awards based on their acts of exceptional courage, which are then reviewed and approved at various levels.
Question-17: What is the reason behind receiving a gallantry award?
Answer. Individuals receive gallantry awards for displaying extraordinary courage, valor, and self-sacrifice in the face of adversity. These awards recognize and honor their exceptional service, contributing significantly to the nation’s well-being.
Question-18: Are there non-gallantry awards in India?
Answer. Yes, India has various non-gallantry awards recognizing excellence in different fields, such as sports, arts, science, and public service. These awards focus on outstanding achievements and contributions beyond acts of bravery and valor.
Question-19: How do gallantry awards relate to UPSC examinations in India?
Answer. Gallantry awards are not directly related to UPSC examinations. However, candidates are expected to have a general understanding of India’s awards and honors, including gallantry awards, as part of the General Studies paper for a comprehensive knowledge base.
Question-20: What is the order of precedence for gallantry awards?
Answer. The order of precedence for gallantry awards in India, from the highest to the lowest, is Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. Each award holds a distinct position based on the level of bravery and sacrifice.
Question-21: What is the precedence of gallantry awards in India?
Answer. The precedence of gallantry awards in India is determined by the level of bravery and sacrifice involved. The highest precedence is given to Param Vir Chakra, followed by Ashoka Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra.
Question-22: What do you mean by gallantry awards?
Answer. Gallantry awards are prestigious honors presented to individuals, both military and civilian, for displaying exceptional acts of courage, valor, and self-sacrifice. These awards symbolize heroism and outstanding service to the nation.
Question-23: What are all the gallantry awards in India?
Answer. The gallantry awards in India include Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. Each award recognizes and honors different levels of bravery and sacrifice.
Question-24: Who was the first gallantry award winner in India?
Answer. The first gallantry award winner in India was Major Somnath Sharma, who was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra for his exemplary bravery during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947-48.
Question-25: How many gallantry awards are there in India?
Answer. There are six gallantry awards in India. These are Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. Each award is distinguished based on the level of bravery and sacrifice.
Question-26: What are the 6 types of gallantry awards in India?
Answer. The 6 types of gallantry awards in India are Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. Each award recognizes different levels of courage and valor displayed by individuals.
Question-27: What are the types of gallantry awards?
Answer. The types of gallantry awards in India include Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. These awards acknowledge various levels of bravery and sacrifice.
Question-28: What is the sequence of gallantry awards in India?
Answer. The sequence of gallantry awards in India is Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. This sequence is based on the level of bravery and sacrifice exhibited by the awardees.
Question-29: What is the difference between gallantry and non-gallantry awards?
Answer. Gallantry awards specifically honor acts of exceptional bravery, valor, and self-sacrifice, often in challenging situations. Non-gallantry awards recognize outstanding achievements and contributions in various fields beyond acts of bravery.
Question-30: Which is the highest award for gallantry in India?
Answer. The highest award for gallantry in India is the Param Vir Chakra. It is awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valor or self-sacrifice in the face of the enemy.
Question-31: Can you provide information about the gallantry awards in India?
Answer. Gallantry awards in India include Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. These awards are bestowed upon individuals for exceptional acts of bravery and valor, contributing significantly to the nation’s defense and welfare.
Question-32: Why are gallantry awards given in India?
Answer. Gallantry awards in India are given to honor individuals who have displayed exceptional courage, valor, and self-sacrifice in challenging situations. These awards recognize and appreciate their extraordinary service to the nation.
Question-33: What are the Indian gallantry awards?
Answer. Indian gallantry awards include Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. These awards recognize individuals for their exceptional acts of bravery and valor.
Question-34: Can you provide a list of all gallantry awards in India?
Answer. The list of all gallantry awards in India comprises Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. Each award represents different levels of bravery and sacrifice.
Question-35: What are the names of all gallantry awards in India?
Answer. The names of all gallantry awards in India are Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. These awards honor individuals for their extraordinary acts of bravery and sacrifice.
Question-36: What are the monetary benefits of gallantry awards?
Answer. Recipients of gallantry awards receive monetary benefits as a token of appreciation for their exceptional acts of bravery. The amount varies for each award, and it is aimed at acknowledging and supporting the awardees for their selfless service.
Question-37: What are the benefits of gallantry awards in India?
Answer. The benefits of gallantry awards in India include public recognition, honor, and monetary rewards. These awards serve as symbols of courage and valor, inspiring others while providing tangible support to the awardees.
Question-38: Can you provide the history of gallantry awards in India?
Answer. The history of gallantry awards in India dates back to the post-independence period. These awards were instituted to recognize and honor individuals who displayed exceptional courage, valor, and self-sacrifice in service to the nation.
Question-39: What is the meaning of gallantry awards in India?
Answer. Gallantry awards in India hold the meaning of recognizing and honoring individuals who have displayed exceptional courage, valor, and self-sacrifice in challenging situations. These awards symbolize heroism and extraordinary service to the nation.
Question-40: What are the gallantry awards in India and their significance?
Answer. The gallantry awards in India, including Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra, hold significance in honoring individuals for their exceptional acts of bravery and valor, contributing significantly to the nation’s defense and welfare.
Question-41: What distinguishes gallantry awards from other military honors?
Answer. Gallantry awards specifically recognize acts of extreme courage and valor exhibited by military personnel in the face of the enemy or during operations. They focus on individual bravery in combat situations.
Question-42: Are gallantry awards only given posthumously?
Answer. No, gallantry awards can be conferred both posthumously and to living individuals. The recognition is based on the demonstrated acts of bravery and valor, irrespective of the outcome.
Question-43: Can civilians receive gallantry awards in India?
Answer. Gallantry awards are primarily reserved for military personnel. Civilian acts of bravery may be recognized through civilian awards like the National Bravery Award, not through gallantry awards.
Question-44: How is the hierarchy of gallantry awards determined?
Answer. The hierarchy is based on the degree of valor demonstrated. For example, Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is the highest, followed by Maha Vir Chakra (MVC), and Vir Chakra. The Ashok Chakra series includes Kirti Chakra and Shaurya Chakra.
Question-45: Are gallantry awards limited to specific branches of the armed forces?
Answer. No, gallantry awards are open to all branches of the Indian armed forces, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Individuals from any branch can be recognized for acts of valor.
Question-46: What distinguishes non-gallantry awards from gallantry awards?
Answer. Non-gallantry awards recognize contributions, achievements, and distinguished service across various fields, not necessarily in combat situations. They encompass a broader spectrum of accomplishments.
Question-47: Can military personnel receive both gallantry and non-gallantry awards?
Answer. Yes, individuals in the armed forces can be recipients of both gallantry and non-gallantry awards. Gallantry awards specifically commend acts of valor, while non-gallantry awards recognize a wider range of service and accomplishments.
Question-48: Are non-gallantry awards limited to Indian citizens?
Answer. No, non-gallantry awards can be conferred on both Indian citizens and foreigners. Civilian awards like the Padma series, Bharat Ratna, etc., are not restricted to nationality.
Question-49: How are civilian contributions recognized within non-gallantry awards?
Answer. Civilian contributions are acknowledged through civilian awards like Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri. These awards honor exceptional achievements in various fields, including science, arts, and social service.
Question-50: Are non-gallantry awards hierarchical like gallantry awards?
Answer. Non-gallantry awards do not follow a strict hierarchical structure like gallantry awards. Each award has its own criteria and significance, and they are not necessarily ranked in a hierarchical order.
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