Newly Updated Today – Ramsar Sites in India – Complete List with Full Details – Ramsar Sites UPSC
Table of Contents
Introduction to Ramsar Sites in India UPSC
Recently, in the Ramsar Wetlands Sites, 5 more sites of India, has been added as wetlands. This news has highlighted the Ramsar Sites & Its newly added Indian Wetland sites in Ramsar Wetland lists.
In India, if you are preparing for any major competitive examinations, then you must have noticed that Ramsar Sites in India is an important topic related to this, many questions got asked in many major competitive examinations such as UPSC, SSC and much more.
If you are preparing for these competitive examinations, then Ramsar Sites in India, Wetlands in India, Ramsar Convention 1971, Montreux Recod, and more related question to them are really important for you.
This is why; in this blog we have added a complete and comprehensive information about all of them. Also, in the end of the blog, we also have added the UPSC questions related to Ramsar Sites in India & Montreux Record. If you are also excited to know about them all, then read this blog till the end.
So, let’s start-
Read Also | Nothern Kangaroo Lizard Founded in Western Ghats of India
Read Also | What is Humboldt Enigma?
Read Also | What is Mosquitofish?
Why Ramsar Sites in the News? – Ramsar Sites Latest News UPSC
Five additional Indian wetlands have gained global recognition by being added to the list of wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. This recent inclusion brings the total count of such acknowledged waterlogged ecosystems in India to 80, highlighting the country’s dedication to preserving and sustainably utilizing its wetlands.
The newly designated Ramsar Sites encompass Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve, Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve, and Aghanashini Estuary from Karnataka, along with Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary and Longwood Shola Reserve Forest from Tamil Nadu.
Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav emphasized the government’s commitment to environmental protection and conservation, attributing the paradigm shift in India’s approach to wetland conservation to the emphasis placed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Minister Yadav’s meeting with Dr. Musonda Mumba, Secretary General of the Convention on Wetlands, underlines India’s active engagement in global wetland conservation efforts.
The Ramsar Convention, an international treaty for wetland conservation, aims to establish and maintain a worldwide network of wetlands crucial for biodiversity and human life sustainability.
As the announcement precedes World Wetlands Day on February 2, it underscores the global importance of wetlands and aligns with the convention’s objectives since its inception in 1971.
Source – The Hindu
What is Ramsar Sites? – What is Ramsar Sites in India? – Ramsar Sites UPSC
Ramsar Sites in India are special wetlands recognized by an international treaty called the Ramsar Convention. India joined this agreement in 1982. These sites, like Chilika Lake and Keoladeo National Park, are important because they include various wetland types such as lakes and marshes.
The Ramsar designation means that India promises to take care of these areas, keeping in mind their crucial roles in supporting plants and animals, managing water, and helping people make a living.
Essentially, it shows that India is committed to balancing the needs of people with taking care of nature. These sites are like natural treasures that need protection to keep providing important services to both the environment and communities.
Knowing about Ramsar Sites in India is very useful & helpful in cracking UPSC Preliminary Examinations and also helps in UPSC Main + interview somehow.
What is Ramsar Convention 1971? – Ramsar Convention 1971 UPSC – Ramsar Convention UPSC
Understanding Ramsar Convention 1971 is not that hectic. We have added 20 key points to understand Ramsar Convention 1971 below:
- The Ramsar Convention, adopted in 1971, is an international treaty for wetland conservation.
- Also known as the Convention on Wetlands, it was named after the city of Ramsar in Iran.
- The convention has nearly 90% of UN member states as “Contracting Parties.”
- It aims to protect and sustainably use wetland ecosystems globally.
- Wetlands under the convention include lakes, rivers, swamps, marshes, and coastal areas.
- The wise use of wetlands is promoted, focusing on ecological conservation within sustainable development.
- Contracting Parties commit to national plans, policies, and legislation for wetland conservation.
- Specific wetlands can be designated as Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites).
- International cooperation is encouraged for shared wetlands and species management.
- The convention has three pillars: national actions, international cooperation, and wise use of wetlands.
- The Conference of the Contracting Parties, Standing Committee, and the Secretariat in Gland, Switzerland, oversee the convention’s implementation.
- Wetlands provide essential services like water storage, flood protection, and biodiversity support.
- The convention addresses the increasing threat to wetlands due to human population growth.
- Wetlands are being degraded, necessitating the restoration of degraded areas.
- The convention supports creating new wetlands to regain essential services.
- Wetlands play a crucial role in supporting diverse habitats and annual migration patterns.
- The Scientific and Technical Review Panel provides guidance on key issues for the convention.
- Private companies and organizations are encouraged to contribute to the convention’s mission.
- Ramsar Sites with changing ecological character can be placed on the Montreux Record.
- The convention plays a vital role in global awareness and collaborative efforts for wetland preservation.
What is Montreux Record? – Montreux Records UPSC
The Montreux Record, linked to the Ramsar Convention, is a register noting wetlands facing ecological changes from human activities. Established in 1990, it signals sites needing special attention due to technological advancements, pollution, or human interference.
With 59 Ramsar sites listed as of 2007, the record guides global conservation efforts. The Ramsar Advisory Mission provides on-site analyses and recommendations for troubled wetlands, fostering conservation actions. This mechanism aids Contracting Parties in managing and preserving sites facing threats, contributing to the sustainable use of wetlands.
Key Points –
- Linked to Ramsar Convention, Montreux Record monitors wetlands facing ecological changes.
- Established in 1990 for wetlands impacted by human activities like pollution or technological advancements.
- Highlights sites needing special conservation attention globally.
- Ramsar Advisory Mission aids troubled wetlands by providing on-site analyses and recommendations.
- Contracting Parties decide on adding or removing wetlands from the record.
- Currently, 59 Ramsar sites are on the Montreux Record.
- The record assists in prioritizing wetlands for national and international conservation efforts.
- Guidelines established in Resolution VI.1 (1996) detail procedures for the Montreux Record.
- Ramsar Advisory Mission’s recommendations sometimes lead to financial support for conservation.
- Serves as a crucial tool in the Ramsar Convention, contributing to the sustainable use of wetlands globally.
What are Wetlands? – Wetlands UPSC
Wetlands are areas where water interacts with the land, creating unique ecosystems characterized by the presence of water, either temporarily or permanently. These environments support a diverse range of plants, animals, and microorganisms adapted to wet conditions.
Wetlands include various types such as marshes, swamps, bogs, lakes, rivers, and coastal areas. They play essential roles in maintaining ecological balance by providing habitat for numerous species, filtering and purifying water, preventing floods, and supporting biodiversity.
Wetlands are valuable for humans too, offering resources like fisheries, water supply, and recreational opportunities. Recognizing their importance, international agreements like the Ramsar Convention aim to protect and sustainably manage wetlands.
How does Wetlands Form? – Wetlands Formation Process UPSC
Wetlands form through natural processes influenced by water and land interactions. The formation of wetlands involves various factors and can occur in different ways. Here’s a general overview of the wetlands formation process:
- Hydrology: Water is a key factor. Wetlands are often found in areas where water levels fluctuate, such as along riverbanks, lake shores, or coastal areas.
- Topography: The landscape plays a role. Depressions or low-lying areas where water can collect contribute to wetland formation.
- Soil Type: The type of soil is crucial. Wetlands typically have hydric soils, which are saturated or flooded with water for a significant part of the growing season.
- Plant Influence: Vegetation, especially water-tolerant plants, contributes to wetland development. The presence of plants like cattails, reeds, and sedges indicates wetland conditions.
- Human Activities: Wetlands can also form or change due to human activities, such as the construction of dams, drainage for agriculture, or urban development.
Types of Wetlands
There are many types of Wetlands can be seen in the world. We have added a few key types of Wetlands in the world below-
1. Marshes
- Description: Grassy areas periodically or permanently flooded.
- Feature: Herbaceous vegetation, shallow water.
- Function: Provides habitat for waterfowl, filtering water.
- Example: Everglades in Florida, USA.
2. Swamps
- Description: Forested or wooded wetlands with standing water.
- Feature: Dominated by trees, often with standing water.
- Function: Flood control, habitat for diverse wildlife.
- Example: Okefenokee Swamp in Georgia, USA.
3. Bogs
- Description: Acidic wetlands with waterlogged, spongy ground.
- Feature: Peat accumulation, unique plant life.
- Function: Carbon storage, habitat for specialized plants.
- Example: Cranberry Glades in West Virginia, USA.
4. Fens
- Description: Wetlands similar to bogs but fed by groundwater.
- Feature: Less acidic, richer in nutrients.
- Function: Support diverse plant and animal life.
- Example: Whixall Moss in the UK.
5. Prairie Potholes
- Description: Shallow depressions formed by glacial activity.
- Feature: Seasonally flooded, grassy landscape.
- Function: Breeding grounds for waterfowl.
- Example: Prairie Pothole Region in the northern Great Plains.
6. Playa Lakes
- Description: Shallow, temporary wetlands in arid regions.
- Feature: Depressions filling with rainfall.
- Function: Critical for waterfowl during migration.
- Example: Texas Panhandle Playas, USA.
7. Estuaries
- Description: Coastal wetlands where rivers meet the sea.
- Feature: Brackish water, influenced by tides.
- Function: Nursery areas for marine species.
- Example: Chesapeake Bay, USA.
8. Mangrove Swamps
- Description: Coastal wetlands with salt-tolerant mangrove trees.
- Feature: Prop roots, saltwater-tolerant vegetation.
- Function: Coastal protection, habitat for marine life.
- Example: Sundarbans in Bangladesh and India.
9. Riparian Zones
- Description: Wetlands along riverbanks, streams, and lakeshores.
- Feature: Influence of flowing water, diverse vegetation.
- Function: Prevents erosion, filters pollutants.
- Example: Yellowstone River riparian zone, USA.
10 Salt Pans
- Description: Areas where saltwater evaporates, leaving behind salt flats.
- Feature: Crystallized salt on the ground.
- Function: Salt production, unique microbial habitats.
- Example: Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia.
Important Wetlands in India – List of Important Wetlands in India
There are many Wetlands in India, selecting a few important from them is not a easy task. However, few have selected some of important & crucial Wetlands from India for you. We have listed them below-
| Wetland Name | Location | Feature & Description | Ramsar Site (Yes/No) |
| Chilika Lake | Odisha | Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon; rich biodiversity. | Yes |
| Keoladeo National Park | Rajasthan | Renowned bird sanctuary; historic and cultural significance. | Yes |
| Sundarbans | West Bengal | Largest mangrove forest; home to Bengal tigers. | Yes |
| Dal Lake | Jammu and Kashmir | Iconic lake surrounded by mountains; supports floating gardens. | No |
| Vembanad | Kerala | India’s longest lake; supports a vibrant ecosystem. | No |
| Loktak Lake | Manipur | Largest freshwater lake in Northeast India. | Yes |
| Hussain Sagar Lake | Telangana | Artificial lake connecting Hyderabad and Secunderabad. | No |
| Rann of Kutch | Gujarat | Seasonal salt marsh; largest saline desert. | Yes |
| Wular Lake | Jammu and Kashmir | One of Asia’s largest freshwater lakes. | No |
| Hemis High-Altitude National Park | Ladakh | Unique high-altitude wetland; important for migratory birds. | Yes |
| Bhitarkanika Mangroves | Odisha | Second-largest mangrove ecosystem in India. | Yes |
| Pichavaram Mangrove Forest | Tamil Nadu | Second-largest mangrove forest in the world. | No |
| Sur Sarovar (Keetham Lake) | Uttar Pradesh | Man-made reservoir; supports diverse bird species. | No |
| Kolleru Lake | Andhra Pradesh | Largest freshwater lake in Andhra Pradesh. | Yes |
| Ashtamudi Lake | Kerala | Second-largest estuarine system in Kerala. | No |
| Deepor Beel | Assam | Important bird sanctuary; Ramsar Site. | Yes |
| Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary | Gujarat | Largest bird sanctuary in Gujarat; home to migratory birds. | Yes |
| Sambhar Salt Lake | Rajasthan | India’s largest inland salt lake. | No |
| Rudrasagar Lake | Tripura | Famous for the Neermahal, a water palace. | No |
| Tso Moriri | Ladakh | High-altitude lake in the Himalayas; Ramsar Site. | Yes |
| Upper Ganga River (Brijghat to Narora) | Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh | Ramsar Site; part of the Ganges River system. | Yes |
| Beas Conservation Reserve | Punjab | Ramsar Site; important for migratory birds. | Yes |
| Samaspur Bird Sanctuary | Uttar Pradesh | Home to migratory birds and diverse flora. | No |
| Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary | Haryana | Ramsar Site; important wetland for birdwatching. | Yes |
| Tsomoriri Wetland Conservation Reserve | Ladakh | Ramsar Site; supports diverse bird species. | Yes |
| Wadhvana Wetland | Gujarat | Important for waterfowl and migratory birds. | Yes |
| Telineelapuram and Telukunchi Bird Sanctuaries | Andhra Pradesh | Two adjoining sanctuaries with rich avian diversity. | No |
| Kutch Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary | Gujarat | Supports the critically endangered Indian Bustard. | No |
| Harike Wetland | Punjab | Ramsar Site; largest wetland in northern India. | Yes |
| Sasthamkotta Lake | Kerala | Largest freshwater lake in Kerala. | No |
| Thol Lake | Gujarat | Important for birdwatching; Ramsar Site. | Yes |
Types of Ramsar Sites in India – Ramsar Sites Classifications
Ramsar Sites are wetlands of international importance designated under the Ramsar Convention, emphasizing their conservation and sustainable use. There are three main types of Ramsar Sites:
1. Natural Sites
- Description: These are natural wetlands, such as lakes, rivers, swamps, marshes, and coastal areas, that meet the Ramsar criteria based on their ecological importance.
- Example: Chilika Lake in Odisha, India.
2. Human-made or Artificial Sites
- Description: These are wetlands created by human activities, like reservoirs, ponds, and sewage farms, that demonstrate their ecological significance and contribution to biodiversity.
- Example: Loktak Lake in Manipur, India.
3. Agricultural Sites
- Description: Agricultural wetlands, including rice paddies and traditional farming systems, can be designated as Ramsar Sites if they meet the criteria and provide important habitat and ecosystem services.
- Example: Kolleru Lake in Andhra Pradesh, India.
In India, Ramsar Sites cover a diverse range of wetland types, reflecting the country’s rich ecological diversity. Some examples of Ramsar Sites in India and their types include:
1. Keoladeo National Park (Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary), Rajasthan
- Type: Natural
- Description: Renowned bird sanctuary with diverse avian species.
2. Sundarbans, West Bengal
- Type: Natural
- Description: Largest mangrove forest in the world, home to Bengal tigers.
3. Chilika Lake, Odisha
- Type: Natural
- Description: Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon with rich biodiversity.
4. Loktak Lake, Manipur
- Type: Human-made/Artificial
- Description: Largest freshwater lake in Northeast India with unique floating islands.
5. Rann of Kutch, Gujarat
- Type: Natural
- Description: Seasonal salt marsh and the largest saline desert in the world.
6. Wular Lake, Jammu and Kashmir
- Type: Natural
- Description: One of Asia’s largest freshwater lakes.
7. Deepor Beel, Assam
- Type: Natural
- Description: Important bird sanctuary providing habitat for various avian species.
8. Tsomoriri Wetland Conservation Reserve, Ladakh
- Type: Natural
- Description: High-altitude lake in the Himalayas supporting diverse bird species.
Importance of Ramsar Sites in India
Inclusion of any wetlands into the Ramsar Wetlands List is very beneficial. There are several types of benefits that wetland gets after it. We have listed major importance’s of Ramsar Sites below-
- Biodiversity Conservation: Ramsar Sites in India play a crucial role in conserving a wide range of plant and animal species, including many endangered and migratory species.
- Migratory Bird Habitats: These sites provide critical habitats for migratory birds, serving as stopovers during their long-distance journeys and contributing to global bird diversity.
- Ecosystem Services: Ramsar Sites deliver essential ecosystem services such as water purification, flood control, and groundwater recharge, benefiting both local communities and the broader environment.
- Cultural Significance: Many Ramsar Sites in India hold cultural and historical importance, contributing to the identity and heritage of local communities.
- Fisheries Support: Wetlands designated as Ramsar Sites often support fisheries, contributing to the livelihoods of local communities and the economy.
- Climate Change Resilience: Ramsar Sites act as buffers against the impacts of climate change by storing carbon, mitigating floods, and providing resilient ecosystems.
- Tourism and Recreation: These sites attract nature enthusiasts and tourists, contributing to the tourism industry and promoting environmental education and awareness.
- Scientific Research: Ramsar Sites offer opportunities for scientific research and studies on wetland ecosystems, aiding in better understanding and management.
- Water Resource Management: The sites play a critical role in maintaining water quality and regulating water flow, benefiting downstream areas and human settlements.
- Education and Awareness: Ramsar Sites serve as outdoor classrooms, fostering environmental education and awareness about wetland ecosystems and their importance.
- Conservation Funding: The Ramsar designation often attracts international funding and support for conservation initiatives, contributing to the financial sustainability of these sites.
- Urban Green Spaces: Some Ramsar Sites in urban areas provide green spaces, offering recreational opportunities and enhancing the quality of life for residents.
- Pollution Control: These sites help filter pollutants from water, improving water quality and reducing the impact of pollution on downstream ecosystems.
- Traditional Livelihoods: Many local communities depend on Ramsar Sites for traditional livelihoods such as fishing, agriculture, and handicrafts.
- Carbon Sequestration: Wetlands designated as Ramsar Sites contribute to carbon sequestration, helping combat climate change by storing carbon in their soils.
- International Collaboration: Ramsar Sites facilitate international collaboration and information exchange on wetland conservation, fostering a global network of cooperation.
- Legal Protection: Ramsar designation provides legal protection to these wetlands, ensuring that they are managed and conserved in line with international standards.
- Flood Mitigation: Wetlands act as natural buffers during floods, absorbing excess water and reducing the severity of flooding in surrounding areas.
- Aesthetic and Recreational Value: Ramsar Sites are often aesthetically pleasing landscapes, attracting visitors for recreational activities such as birdwatching, photography, and ecotourism.
- Sustainable Development: The sustainable use of resources in Ramsar Sites supports the overall goal of sustainable development, balancing environmental conservation with human well-being.
Declaration Criteria for Ramsar Sites
Ramsar Sites, designated under the Ramsar Convention, are identified based on nine specific criteria to ensure their international importance for wetland conservation. These declaration criteria cover a broad spectrum of ecological, biological, and biodiversity considerations:
1. Representative Wetland Type
Criterion: The wetland should contain a representative, rare, or unique example of a natural or near-natural wetland type within the appropriate biogeographic region.
2. Support for Endangered Species
Criterion: The wetland must support vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered species or threatened ecological communities.
3. Biological Diversity Maintenance
Criterion: It should support populations of plant and/or animal species crucial for maintaining the biological diversity of a particular biogeographic region.
4. Critical Life Cycle Stages
Criterion: The wetland must support plant and/or animal species at a critical stage in their life cycles or provide refuge during adverse conditions.
5. Significant Waterbird Presence
Criterion: Regularly supporting 20,000 or more waterbirds.
6. Population Percentage Support
Criterion: Regularly supporting 1% of the individuals in a population of one species or subspecies of waterbird.
7. Indigenous Fish and Biodiversity Contribution
Criterion: Supporting a significant proportion of indigenous fish subspecies, species or families, life-history stages, species interactions, and/or populations that contribute to global biological diversity.
8. Fisheries Importance
Criterion: Being an important source of food for fishes, serving as a spawning ground, nursery, and/or migration path critical for fish stocks.
9. Support for Non-Avian Animal Species
Criterion: Regularly supporting 1% of the individuals in a population of one species or subspecies of wetland-dependent non-avian animal species.
What happens when a wetland declared as Ramsar Site?
When a wetland is declared as a Ramsar Site, it signifies its international importance and recognition under the Ramsar Convention. This designation implies a commitment to the conservation and sustainable use of the wetland’s ecosystem. The declaration brings several key implications:
- Legal Protection: Ramsar Sites gain legal protection, and the host country commits to managing and conserving the wetland in accordance with international standards.
- International Cooperation: The designation fosters international collaboration, encouraging the exchange of knowledge, research, and conservation strategies among countries.
- Conservation Funding Opportunities: Ramsar Sites often attract funding for conservation initiatives from international organizations and agencies.
- Biodiversity Conservation: The focus is on maintaining and preserving the wetland’s ecological character, benefiting both local biodiversity and global ecosystems.
- Community Involvement: Local communities are engaged in sustainable management practices, ensuring their involvement in the protection of these vital ecosystems.
List of All Ramsar Sites in India – All Ramsar Sites List UPSC – Total Ramsar Sites in India
We have enlisted the complete list of Ramsar Sites in India below- (total 80)
| Name of Site | Location | Designated | Area (km2) | Description |
| Ashtamudi Wetland | Kerala | 18 August 2002 | 61.4 | Natural backwater in Kollam, Kerala, estuary with Neendakara. |
| Beas Conservation Reserve | Punjab | 26 September 2019 | 64 | 185km Beas River stretch, islands, biodiversity hotspot. |
| Bhitarkanika Mangroves | Odisha | 19 August 2002 | 650 | Ramsar wetland, sanctuary, famous for crocodiles, turtles. |
| Bhoj Wetland | Madhya Pradesh | 19 August 2002 | 32 | Two lakes in Bhopal, crucial for biodiversity, Ramsar site. |
| Chandra Taal | Himachal Pradesh | 8 November 2005 | 0.49 | High-altitude lake, Western Himalayas, refuge for snow leopard. |
| Chilika Lake | Odisha | 1 October 1981 | 1165 | Largest coastal lagoon in India, Ramsar site since 1981. |
| Deepor Beel | Assam | 19 August 2002 | 40 | Freshwater lake, Brahmaputra River channel, vital for Guwahati. |
| East Kolkata Wetlands | West Bengal | 19 August 2002 | 125 | Model wetland, treats Kolkata’s wastewater, supports agriculture. |
| Harike Wetland | Punjab | 23 March 1990 | 41 | Shallow reservoir, confluence of two rivers, important bird site. |
| Hokera Wetland | Jammu and Kashmir | 8 November 2005 | 13.75 | Wetland in Kashmir, habitat for diverse waterfowl species. |
| Kanjli Wetland | Punjab | 22 January 2002 | 1.83 | Permanent stream, Kali Bein converted for irrigation, supports diverse flora/fauna. |
| Keoladeo National Park | Rajasthan | 1 October 1985 | 28.73 | Seasonal lagoons, vital bird habitat, Montreux Record for water shortage. |
| Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve | Punjab | 26 September 2019 | 3.44 | Managed wetland, mosaic of marshes, aquaculture ponds, supports local biodiversity. |
| Kolleru Lake | Andhra Pradesh | 19 August 2002 | 901 | Natural eutrophic lake, flood balancing reservoir, supports diverse ecology. |
| Loktak Lake | Manipur | 23 March 1990 | 266 | Largest freshwater lake, famous for floating phumdis, home to endangered sangai. |
| Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary | Gujarat | 24 September 2012 | 120 | Largest natural wetland in Thar Desert, crucial for bird migration, local livelihood. |
| Nandur Madhameshwar | Maharashtra | 21 June 2019 | 14 | Mosaic of lakes, flood buffer, biodiversity hotspot, critical for water management. |
| Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary | Punjab | 26 September 2019 | 1.16 | Sivalik Hills sanctuary, supports diverse flora/fauna, historical significance. |
| Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary | Uttar Pradesh | 19 September 2019 | 2.25 | Shallow marshland, supports local biodiversity, haven for waterbirds. |
| Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary | Uttar Pradesh | 2 December 2019 | 7.22 | Permanent freshwater environment, vital for waterbirds, refuge for vulture species. |
| Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary | Tamil Nadu | 19 August 2002 | 385 | Coastal area with shallow waters, mangroves, seasonal lagoons, crucial breeding ground, supports diverse fauna, and sustains local livelihoods. |
| Pong Dam Lake | Himachal Pradesh | 19 August 2002 | 156.62 | Water storage reservoir in the Himalayan foothills, vital bird habitat, hydrological values, supports fisheries, and community-based ecotourism. |
| Renuka Lake | Himachal Pradesh | 8 November 2005 | 0.2 | Natural wetland with freshwater springs, diverse fauna, high religious significance, conservation efforts focus on community awareness and prevention. |
| Ropar Wetland | Punjab | 22 January 2002 | 13.65 | Humanmade wetland formed by a barrage, breeding place for protected species, economically significant fisheries, and cultivation in the surrounding area. |
| Rudrasagar Lake | Tripura | 8 November 2005 | 2.4 | Lowland sedimentation reservoir, abundant freshwater fish, ideal habitat for IUCN Red Listed three-striped roofed turtle, and significant cultural events. |
| Saman Bird Sanctuary | Uttar Pradesh | 2 December 2019 | 5.26 | Seasonal oxbow lake on the Ganges floodplain, refuge for over 50,000 waterbirds, important for vulnerable species, provides ecosystem services. |
| Samaspur Bird Sanctuary | Uttar Pradesh | 3 October 2019 | 8 | Perennial lowland marsh, important for monsoon rains, harbors threatened species, faces threats from invasive species, and joint management efforts. |
| Sambhar Lake | Rajasthan | 23 March 1990 | 240 | India’s largest inland salt lake, key wintering area for flamingos and migratory birds, unique ecology supported by specialized algae and bacteria. |
| Sandi Bird Sanctuary | Uttar Pradesh | 26 September 2019 | 3 | Freshwater marsh in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, rich in aquatic plants, supports waterfowl populations, a popular tourism destination with some threats. |
| Sarsai Nawar Jheel | Uttar Pradesh | 19 September 2019 | 1.61 | Permanent marsh in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, co-habitation of humans and wildlife, vital for waterbird habitats, spiritual and religious significance. |
| Sasthamkotta Lake | Kerala | 19 August 2002 | 3.73 | Largest freshwater lake in Kerala, depleting due to destruction of replenishing mechanism. |
| Haiderpur Wetland | Uttar Pradesh | 13 April 2021 | 69.08 | Human-made wetland formed in 1984, located within Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary. |
| Sundarban Wetland | West Bengal | 30 January 2019 | 4230 | Encompasses islands, rivers, mangrove forests in the delta of Ganges and Brahmaputra, protects against storms, sustains fisheries, and mangrove species. |
| Surinsar-Mansar Lakes | Jammu and Kashmir | 8 November 2005 | 3.5 | Freshwater composite lake in semi-arid Jammu Region, supports diverse fauna, and has cultural and religious significance. |
| Tsomoriri | Ladakh | 19 August 2002 | 120 | Freshwater to brackish lake at 4,595 m above sea level, breeding ground for endangered cranes and bar-headed geese, significant cultural and ecological value. |
| Upper Ganga River (Brijghat to Narora Stretch) | Uttar Pradesh | 8 November 2005 | 265.9 | Shallow river stretch of the Ganges, habitat for Ganges river dolphin, gharial, crocodile, diverse fish and bird species, religious importance. |
| Vembanad-Kol Wetland | Kerala | 19 August 2002 | 1512.5 | Largest lake in Kerala, known for houseboats, exotic fish varieties, and paddy fields below sea level. |
| Wular Lake | Jammu and Kashmir | 23 March 1990 | 189 | Largest freshwater lake in India, extensive marshes, supports fishing industry, valuable for irrigation, and important for bird habitats. |
| Asan Barrage | Uttarakhand | 21 July 2020 | 4.44 | Conservation Reserve with bird-friendly habitats, supports endangered bird species, fish biodiversity, and hydrological regimes. |
| Kanwar Taal or Kabar Taal Lake | Bihar | 21 July 2020 | 26.2 | Floodplain wetland, vital for floodwater absorption in Bihar, significant biodiversity, a stopover for migratory waterbirds, and threatened by water management activities. |
| Sur Sarovar | Uttar Pradesh | 21 August 2020 | 4.31 | Also known as Keetham Lake, originally created for Agra’s water supply, now a rich ecosystem, important for migratory birds and threatened species. |
| Lonar Lake | Maharashtra | 22 July 2020 | 4.27 | Endorheic lake formed by a meteorite impact, high in salinity, National Geological Monument, supports diverse fauna including endangered species. |
| Tso Kar | Ladakh | 17 November 2020 | 95.77 | High-altitude wetland complex at 4,500m, includes freshwater and hypersaline lakes, vital breeding ground for black-necked crane and home to various endangered species. |
| Sultanpur National Park | Haryana | 25 May 2021 | 1.43 | Bird watcher’s paradise, ancient lake, declared a sanctuary, upgraded to National Park, home to diverse bird species. |
| Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary | Haryana | 25 May 2021 | 4.11 | Human-made freshwater wetland, largest in Haryana, declared bird sanctuary, supports over 250 bird species including globally threatened species. |
| Thol Lake | Gujarat | 05 April 2021 | 6.99 | Shallow freshwater reservoir, man-made wetland for irrigation, declared wildlife sanctuary, supports diverse bird species including threatened ones. |
| Wadhvana Wetland | Gujarat | 05 April 2021 | 6.30 | Reservoir created in 1910, important for birdlife, supports over 80 species of migratory waterbirds, internationally significant for birdlife. |
| Bakhira Sanctuary | Uttar Pradesh | 29 June 2021 | 28.94 | Largest natural floodplain wetland in Sant Kabir Nagar district, established in 1980, vital for species of the Central Asian Flyway. |
| Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary | Gujarat | 13 April 2021 | 5.12 | Bird sanctuary with both fresh and saltwater lakes, records about 300 species of migratory birds, unique biodiversity. |
| Karikili Bird Sanctuary | Tamil Nadu | 8 April 2022 | 0.58 | 58-hectare protected area, located in Kancheepuram district, supports various bird species. |
| Pallikaranai Marsh Reserve Forest | Tamil Nadu | 8 April 2022 | 12.48 | Freshwater marsh located in Chennai, the only surviving wetland ecosystem in the city, among the last remaining natural wetlands of South India. |
| Pichavaram Mangrove Forest | Tamil Nadu | 8 April 2022 | 14.79 | Located in Cuddalore district, one of the largest mangrove forests in India covering 1,100 hectares. |
| Pala Wetland | Mizoram | 31 August 2021 | 18.50 | Largest natural wetland in Mizoram, surrounded by green woodlands, home to a rich diversity of animal species. |
| Sakhya Sagar | Madhya Pradesh | 7 January 2022 | 2.48 | Integral part of the Madhav National Park in Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh. |
| Satkosia Gorge | Odisha | 12 October 2021 | 982 | Located in Angul district, carved out of the Mahanadi river, within the Satkosia Tiger Reserve, a United Nations Protected area. |
| Nanda Lake | Goa | 8 June 2022 | 0.42 | Located in Curchorem district, intermittent freshwater marshes, supports a variety of migratory waterbirds and other important plants and animals. |
| Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve | Tamil Nadu | 8 April 2022 | 527 | Located at the south-eastern tip of India, one of the most biologically diverse regions supporting various species of coral, fish, birds, crustaceans, sea turtles, and mangroves. |
| Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary | Karnataka | 15 February 2022 | 5.18 | Located in Mandya district, an ecologically important riverine wetland rich in plant and animal species. |
| Vembannur Wetland Complex | Tamil Nadu | 8 April 2022 | 0.20 | Man-made inland tank at the southernmost tip of peninsular India, located 4 km from Rajakkamangalam, provides habitat to several species of waterbirds. |
| Vellode Bird Sanctuary | Tamil Nadu | 8 April 2022 | 0.77 | Located in Erode district, a man-made tank providing an ideal habitat for birds. |
| Udhayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary | Tamil Nadu | 8 April 2022 | 0.44 | Located in Thiruvarur district, Udhayamarthandapuram comprises man-made irrigation tanks, serving as a crucial staging and breeding ground for various waterbird species. |
| Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary | Tamil Nadu | 8 April 2022 | 0.40 | Situated in Chengalpattu district, Vedanthangal is the oldest water bird sanctuary in India, providing habitat for diverse avian species. |
| Sirpur Lake | Madhya Pradesh | 7 January 2022 | 1.61 | Found in Indore district, Sirpur Lake is a man-made wetland supporting terrestrial plants, macrophytes, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and waterbirds. |
| Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary | Tamil Nadu | 8 November 2021 | 0.72 | Located in Thirunelveli district, Koonthankulam comprises irrigation tanks interconnected by canals, creating a habitat for various bird species. |
| Tampara Lake | Odisha | 12 October 2021 | 3 | [Description not provided] |
| Hirakud Reservoir | Odisha | 12 October 2021 | 743 | Hirakund Reservoir is situated behind the Hirakund Dam in Odisha, with its shoreline running close to Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary. |
| Ansupa Lake | Odisha | 12 October 2021 | 2.31 | [Description not provided] |
| Yashwant Sagar | Madhya Pradesh | 7 January 2022 | 8.229 | [Description not provided] |
| Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary | Tamil Nadu | 8 November 2021 | 2.6047 | [Description not provided] |
| Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex | Tamil Nadu | 8 April 2022 | 0.9423 | Situated within Suchindram Theroor Birds Sanctuary, it lies at the southern tip of migratory birds’ Central Asian flyway. |
| Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary | Tamil Nadu | 8 April 2022 | 1.1264 | [Description not provided] |
| Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary | Tamil Nadu | 8 April 2022 | 0.9689 | [Description not provided] |
| Thane Creek | Maharashtra | 13 April 2022 | 65.2108 | [Description not provided] |
| Hygam Wetland Conservation Reserve | Jammu and Kashmir | 8 June 2022 | 8.0182 | [Description not provided] |
| Shallbugh Wetland Conservation Reserve | Jammu and Kashmir | 8 June 2022 | 16.75 | [Description not provided] |
Latest 5 Wetlands of India that newly added to Ramsar Wetlands Sites
Recently, 5 more Wetlands has been added to the Ramsar sites of Wetlands. We have listed all of them below with their details-
| Site Name | Location | Designation Date | Area | Description |
| Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve | Magadi village, Shirhatti Taluk, Gadag District, Karnataka | 14-02-2023 | 54.5 hectares | Home to migratory birds (e.g., bar-headed goose, Grey Heron, Comb Duck) and known for the unique occurrence of birds consuming agricultural produce. Catchment area of about 900 hectares. |
| Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve | Karnataka | 10-03-2023 | 98.8 hectares | Human-made wetland storing monsoon run-off water from the Tungabhadra River. Declared a conservation reserve, managed mainly for bird protection. |
| Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary | Ariyalur District, Tamil Nadu | 24-05-2023 | 4.537 sq km | Freshwater lake fed by Pullambadi, Kattalal canal. Home to about 200 bird species, including migratory birds like Bar-headed goose, Northern pintail. |
| Longwood Shola Reserve Forest | Near Kothagiri, Nilgiri mountain range, Tamil Nadu | 24-05-2023 | 116 hectares | Features intermittent freshwater marshes and streams within a shola (tropical montane forest). High species endemism with notable plant and bird species. Key area for endangered species. |
| Aghanashini Estuary | Estuary where Aghanashini River flows into the Arabian Sea, Karnataka | 14-02-2023 | 4,801 hectares | Diverse environments including estuarine and shallow marine waters, rocky shores, mudflats, aquaculture ponds, and rice fields. Home to over 80 fish, 115 birds, and 45 mangroves and mangrove-associated species. |
Statewise Ramsar Sites in India – Statewise Ramsar Sites in India UPSC
We have added all the numbers of Ramsar sites in India by state preferences-
| State/UT | No. of Sites | Names of Sites (Example) |
| Andhra Pradesh | 1 | Kolleru Lake |
| Assam | 1 | Deepor Beel |
| Bihar | 1 | Kanwar Lake |
| Goa | 1 | Nanda Lake |
| Gujarat | 4 | Khijadiya, Nalsarovar, Thol Lake, Wadhvana Wetland |
| Haryana | 2 | Sultanpur National Park, Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary |
| Himachal Pradesh | 3 | Chandra Taal, Pong Dam Lake, Renuka Lake |
| Jammu and Kashmir | 5 | Hokersar Wetland, Hygam Wetland Conservation Reserve, Shallbugh Wetland Conservation Reserve, Surinsar-Mansar Lakes, Wular Lake |
| Karnataka | 4 | Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary, Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve, Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve, Aghanashini Estuary |
| Kerala | 3 | Ashtamudi Wetland, Sasthamkotta Lake, Vembanad-Kol Wetland |
| Ladakh | 2 | Tso Kar, Tsomoriri Lake |
| Madhya Pradesh | 4 | Bhoj Wetland, Sakhya Sagar, Sirpur Lake, Yashwant Sagar |
| Maharashtra | 3 | Lonar Lake, Nandur Madhameshwar, Thane Creek |
| Manipur | 1 | Loktak Lake |
| Mizoram | 1 | Pala Wetland |
| Odisha | 6 | Ansupa Lake, Bhitarkanika Mangroves, Chilika Lake, Hirakud Reservoir, Satkosia Gorge, Tampara Lake |
| Punjab | 6 | Beas Conservation Reserve, Harike Wetland, Kanjli Wetland, Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve, Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary, Ropar Wetland |
| Rajasthan | 2 | Keoladeo National Park, Sambhar Lake |
| Tamil Nadu | 16 | Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary, Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve, Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary, Karikili Bird Sanctuary, Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary, Pallikarnai Marsh Reserve Forest, Pichavaram Mangrove, Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary, Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex, Udhayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary, Vadavur Bird Sanctuary, Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary, Vellode Bird Sanctuary, Vembannur Wetland Complex, Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, Longwood Shola Reserve Forest |
| Tripura | 1 | Rudrasagar Lake |
| Uttar Pradesh | 10 | Bakhira Sanctuary, Haiderpur Wetland, Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary, Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary, Saman Bird Sanctuary, Samaspur Bird Sanctuary, Sandi Bird Sanctuary, Sarsai Nawar Jheel, Sur Sarovar, Upper Ganga River |
| Uttarakhand | 1 | Asan Barrage |
| West Bengal | 2 | East Kolkata Wetlands, Sundarban Wetland |
Latest Ramsar Sites in India – Ramsar Site in India UPSC
Detailed Information on Newly Designated Ramsar Sites in India (2024)
1. Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve, Karnataka
- Location: Magadi village, Shirhatti Taluk, Gadag District, Karnataka.
- Distance: 26 km from Gadag, 8 km from Shirhatti, 11 km from Lakshmeshwar.
- Designation Date: 14-02-2023
- Area: 54.4 Hectares
- Coordinates: 15°13’N 75°31’E
- Site Number: 2536
- Controlling Authorities: Department of Fisheries, Government of Karnataka, and Village Panchayat, Magadi.
- Local Institutions: Village Panchayat, development of tank fisheries, and bird sanctuary.
- Significance: Home to migratory birds like the bar-headed goose, Grey Heron, Purple Heron, Comb Duck, and more. Also noteworthy for the unique occurrence of migratory birds consuming agricultural produce.
- Official Web Page: https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2536
2. Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve, Karnataka
- Location: Karnataka.
- Area: 98.8 hectares.
- Site Number: 2535
- Coordinates: 15°07’N 76°14’E
- Designation Date: 10-03-2023.
- Description: A human-made wetland storing monsoon run-off water from the Tungabhadra River. Declared a conservation reserve, primarily managed for bird protection.
- Key Species: Indian cormorant, painted stork, glossy ibis, and endemic fish species. Facing threats from invasive species.
- Official Web Page: https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2535
3. Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu
- Location: Ariyalur District, Tamil Nadu.
- Area: 453.7 Hectare
- Site Number: 2537
- Designation Date: 24-05-2023
- Coordinates: 10°58′13″N 79°02′29″E
- Description: Freshwater lake fed by Pullambadi, Kattalal canal. Home to about 200 bird species, including migratory birds like Bar-headed goose, Northern pintail, and more.
- Threats: Invasive species, excessive growth of alligator weed. Acacia nilotica serves as a major nesting site.
- Official Web Page: https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2537
4. Longwood Shola Reserve Forest, Tamil Nadu
- Location: Near Kothagiri, Nilgiri mountain range, Tamil Nadu.
- Area: 116 hectares.
- Site Number: 2538
- Coordinates: 11°26’N 76°52’E
- Designation Date: 24-05-2023.
- Description: Features intermittent freshwater marshes and streams within a shola (tropical montane forest). High species endemism with notable plant and bird species.
- Conservation Status: Key area for endangered species like the black-chinned Nilgiri laughing thrush, Nilgiri blue robin, and vulnerable Nilgiri wood-pigeon.
- Official Web Page: https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2538
5. Aghanashini Estuary, Karnataka
- Location: Estuary where Aghanashini River flows into the Arabian Sea, Karnataka.
- Area: 4,801 hectares.
- Site Number: 2534
- Coordinates: 14°30’N 74°22’E
- Designation Date: 14-02-2023.
- Description: Diverse environments including estuarine and shallow marine waters, rocky shores, mudflats, aquaculture ponds, and rice fields.
- Biodiversity: Home to over 80 fish, 115 birds, and 45 mangroves and mangrove-associated species. Supports globally threatened species. livelihoods of over 6,000 households through various activities.
- Cultural Practices: Traditional farming of salt-tolerant rice (“kagga”) practiced in the estuary region.
- Official Web Page: https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2534
FAQs on Ramsar Sites in India – UPSC Questions on Ramsar Sites
Question-1: What are Ramsar Sites?
Answer. Ramsar Sites are wetlands designated under the Ramsar Convention, an international treaty signed in 1971 in Ramsar, Iran. These sites are recognized for their ecological importance and serve as crucial habitats for a diverse range of flora and fauna. The Ramsar Convention aims to promote the sustainable use of wetlands and ensure their conservation on a global scale.
Question-2: What are the smallest Ramsar Sites in India?
Answer. Renuka Wetland is the smallest Ramsar site in India, covering 20 Hectare of area. It is located in Renuka, Himachal Pradesh and it was declared a Ramsar site in 2012.
Question-3: How many Ramsar Sites are there in India?
Answer. As of the newly added 5 sites, Now India has a total of 80 Ramsar Sites. These sites encompass a diverse range of ecosystems, including lakes, rivers, and estuaries, contributing significantly to the country’s biodiversity and environmental well-being.
Question-4: What is the significance of the Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary in Goa?
Answer. Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary in Goa holds significance due to its rich biodiversity and diverse ecosystems, including moist deciduous and evergreen forests. It provides a habitat for various wildlife species, such as leopards and deer, contributing to the region’s ecological balance. The sanctuary is vital for conservation efforts and offers a unique environment for nature enthusiasts.
Question-5: Why is Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary in Bihar important for bird conservation?
Answer. Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary, located in Begusarai district, Bihar, is the largest oxbow lake in Asia and plays a crucial role in bird conservation. The sanctuary serves as a habitat for numerous migratory birds, particularly waterfowl. Its unique landscape and diverse avian species make it a significant area for birdwatching and contribute to the overall conservation of avifauna in the region.
Question-6: Which Indian state has the maximum number of Ramsar Sites?
Answer. Uttar Pradesh holds the record for having the second most number of Ramsar Sites in India with 10 designated sites. However, Tamil Nadu holds the first place here with 14 Ramsar Sites.
Question-7: What are the smallest Ramsar Sites globally?
Answer. Renuka Wetland is also world’s smallest Ramsar Sites with covering area of 20 hactare.
Question-8: When did Ramsar Sites start?
Answer. The Ramsar Convention was initiated in 1971 in Ramsar, Iran. The convention came into force on December 21, 1975. Since then, countries have designated Ramsar Sites to protect and conserve their vital wetland ecosystems.
Question-9: What is the significance of Ramsar Sites?
Answer. Ramsar Sites are significant for their role in preserving biodiversity, providing essential habitats for migratory birds, supporting local communities, and maintaining overall ecological balance. These sites act as crucial reservoirs of biological diversity and contribute to global efforts in environmental conservation.
Question-10: What are the recent Ramsar Sites in India, relevant for UPSC exams?
Answer. As of January 31, 2024, the recent Ramsar Sites added in India are Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve, Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve, Aghanashini Estuary (Karnataka), Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, and Longwood Shola Reserve Forest (Tamil Nadu).
Question-11: What are the oldest Ramsar Sites in India?
Answer. Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu is the oldest Ramsar Site in India. Designated on 8th April 2022, it has been a crucial water bird sanctuary since its establishment.
Question-12: Can you provide examples of Ramsar Sites?
Answer. Some examples of Ramsar Sites in India include Chilika Lake (Odisha), Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan), and Vembanad-Kol Wetland (Kerala). Each site is unique, contributing to the diversity of wetland ecosystems in the country.
Question-13: What is the Ramsar Convention and its relation to the environment?
Answer. The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty focused on the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. It addresses the critical link between wetland ecosystems, biodiversity, and the overall health of the environment. The convention promotes wise use and protection of these vital areas.
Question-14: What criteria are considered for declaring Ramsar Sites?
Answer. The criteria for declaring Ramsar Sites include the ecological, botanical, zoological, limnological, or hydrological significance of the wetland. The site should support vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered species, or provide critical habitat for wetland-dependent species.
Question-15: How many Ramsar Sites are currently designated in India?
Answer. As of the latest information, India has designated a total of 80 Ramsar Sites across various states and union territories.
Question-16: What is the general information about Ramsar Sites?
Answer. Ramsar Sites are designated wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. They play a vital role in maintaining biodiversity, supporting migratory species, and preserving essential ecological processes. The convention emphasizes the sustainable use of wetlands for the benefit of both nature and communities.
Question-17: What does the term “Ramsar Sites” mean?
Answer. The term “Ramsar Sites” refers to wetlands designated under the Ramsar Convention. The Ramsar word is came from City of Iran. These sites are recognized for their ecological importance and are committed to the conservation and sustainable use of wetland ecosystems on a global scale.
Question-18: Which are the biggest Ramsar Sites globally?
Answer. Determining the absolute biggest Ramsar Sites globally requires specific measurements. However, larger sites globally include the Sundarbans in Bangladesh and India and the Doñana National Park in Spain.
Question-19: What are the biggest Ramsar Sites in India as of 2023?
Answer. Determining the absolute biggest Ramsar Sites in India requires specific measurements. However, significant sites based on size and biodiversity include Sundarban Wetland that covers 4230 Sq/km area. Then, Vembanad-Kol Wetland: Encompasses 1,512.5 square kilometers in Kerala. And then Chilika Lake (Odisha).
Question-20: What are the benefits of Ramsar Sites?
Answer. The benefits of Ramsar Sites include the conservation of biodiversity, protection of critical habitats for migratory species, sustainable use of wetland resources, and contributions to climate change mitigation. Ramsar Sites also provide cultural, recreational, and economic benefits to local communities.
Question-21: What is the latest information on Ramsar Sites?
Answer. As of January 31, 2024, five new Ramsar Sites have been added in India: Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve, Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve, Aghanashini Estuary (Karnataka), Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, and Longwood Shola Reserve Forest (Tamil Nadu).
Question-22: What is the history of Ramsar Sites?
Answer. The Ramsar Convention was initiated in 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, to address the increasing loss of wetland habitats globally. The convention has evolved to become a crucial international instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.
Question-23: Why are Ramsar Sites important?
Answer. Ramsar Sites are essential for maintaining biodiversity, supporting migratory species, preserving ecosystem services, and promoting sustainable development. These sites contribute significantly to global efforts to conserve wetland ecosystems and ensure a healthy environment for future generations.
Question-24: Where can I find maps and images of Ramsar Sites in India?
Answer. Maps and images of Ramsar Sites in India can be found on official Ramsar Convention websites, national environmental agencies, and geographical databases. Online mapping platforms and environmental portals may also provide detailed visual information.
Question-25: What is the status of wetlands in India?
Answer. India is home to diverse wetlands, including Ramsar Sites. If you wants to know those wetlands which are also enlisted as Ramsar Wetland sites, then you can visit this official website of Ramsar Organization.
Question-26: How many Ramsar Sites are there in total in India?
Answer. As of the latest information, India has designated a total of 80 Ramsar Sites, covering a range of wetland ecosystems and contributing to the country’s conservation and sustainable development goals.
Question-27: What is the Montreux Record in the context of Ramsar Sites?
Answer. The Montreux Record is a register of Ramsar Sites where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur due to human activities. It serves as an alert mechanism and is designed to promote international cooperation in addressing issues affecting listed sites.
Question-28: Are there any new Ramsar Sites designated in India recently?
Answer. Yes, as of January 31, 2024, five new Ramsar Sites have been added in India: Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve, Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve, Aghanashini Estuary (Karnataka), Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, and Longwood Shola Reserve Forest (Tamil Nadu).
Question-29: Which are the largest Ramsar Sites in India?
Answer. Determining the absolute largest Ramsar Sites in India requires specific measurements. However, significant sites based on size and biodiversity include Chilika Lake (Odisha) and Vembanad-Kol Wetland (Kerala).
Question-30: Which was the first Ramsar Site designated in India?
Answer. The Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu was the first Ramsar Site designated in India. It holds historical significance as the oldest water bird sanctuary in the country.
Question-31: How many wetlands are there in India?
Answer. India is home to numerous wetlands, and the exact number may change due to ongoing surveys and designations. Ramsar Sites, which represent a subset of important wetlands, number 80 as of the latest information.
Question-32: Which Ramsar Site is located in Rajasthan?
Answer. Keoladeo National Park, located in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, is a Ramsar Site. It is renowned for being a critical wintering area for migratory birds and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Question-33: How many Montreux Record Sites are there in India?
Answer. The Montreux Record currently lists six Ramsar Sites in India facing ecological challenges. These include Loktak Lake (Manipur) and Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan).
Question-34: When was the Ramsar Convention established?
Answer. The Ramsar Convention was established on February 2, 1971, in Ramsar, Iran. It is an international treaty focused on the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.
One thought on “Newly Updated Today – 80 Ramsar Sites in India – Complete List with Full Details – Ramsar Sites Top UPSC Questions”
Comments are closed.